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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the synthesis of a protein molecule from mRNA?
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Translation
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What are the three stages of Translation?
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Initiation, Elongation, and Release
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How many different amino acids may be found in polypeptides?
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20
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Nonpolar amino acids are?
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Hydrophobic
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Nonpolar and Charged amino acids are?
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Hydrophilic
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What are the four levels of structures in proteins?
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Primary, Secondary, Tertiary, and Quaternary
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A protein's what is its amino acid sequence?
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Primary Structure
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The progress from the primary to the 3-D structure is dictated by the amino acid sequence within the?
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Polypeptide
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The primary structure of protein folds to form regular, repeating shapes known as?
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Secondary Structures
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What are the two types of secondary structures?
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alpha helix and beta sheet
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An alpha helix and a beta sheet are stabilized by?
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The formation of Hydrogen Bonds
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The short regions of secondary structure in a protein fold into a three- dimensional?
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Tertiary Structure
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What is the final conformation of proteins that are composed of a single polypeptide?
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Tertiary Structure
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The tertiary structure is determined by?
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Hydrophobic and ionic interactions as well as hydrogen bonds and van waals interactions
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Proteins made up of two or more polypeptides have what type of structure?
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Quaternary Structure
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What is formed when the various polypeptides associate together to make a functional protein?
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Quaternary Structure
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What contains the list of all codons (coding sequences of DNA/RNA) and the amino acids(s) they encode?
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Genetic Code
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What type of code is the genetic code?
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Triplet
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A single amino acid is coded for by three nucleotides, also known as?
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Triplet
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Mutations in the bacteriophage alpha by growing the phage in the presence of riboflavin
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Frameshift
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a mutation in which a single base is added or deleted?
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Frame shift
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There are how many nucleotides in RNA and what type of code is it?
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4 (A, U, C, G), Triplet Code
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How many possible combinations of triple codons are there?
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64 or (4^3)
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How many different amino acids are found in proteins?
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20
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The code is?
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Degenerate
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What are the three stages of Translation?
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Initiation, Elongation, and Termination
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Translation occurs on the surface of a large macromolecular complex termed?
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Ribosome
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Bacterial cells only have one type of ribosome where is it found?
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In their cytoplasm
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How many types or ribosome do Eukaryotes have?
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Two
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Where are the two types of ribosome in Eukaryotes found?
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Cytoplasm and Organelles (mitochondria, chloroplasts)
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The enzymes that attach amino acids to tRNAs are known as?
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Aminoacyl- tRNA synthetases (their are 20 types, one for each amino acid)
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Aminoacyl- tRNA synthetases catalyze a two - step reaction involving what three different molecules?
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Amino Acid, tRNA, and ATP
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