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24 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
At what stage of gene expression does most regulation occur?
transcription
Trans-acting factors usually bind to ... upstream of the gene.
cis-acting elements
... usually binds to cis-acting elements upstream of the gene.
Trans-acting factors
Trans-acting factors usually bind to cis-acting elements ... of the gene.
upstream
constitutive expression
unregulated gene is expressed at the same level all the time
unregulated gene expressed at the same level all the time
constitutive expression
Gene expression is increased
induction
Gene expression is decreased
repression
What determines the basal transcription rate?
promoter sequence
The more closely the prokaryotic promoters resemble the consensus promoter sequence...
...the more frequently transcription initiates.
What portion of RNA confers promoter recognition?
sigma subunit
Layout of an operon
|Activator|Promoter|Repressor|GeneA|GeneB|GeneC
Shine-Dalgarno sequence (purpose)
aligns ribosome with the START codon on mRNA
How many Shine-Dalgarno sequences exist on a polycistronic mRNA strand?
As many as there are protein encodings.
Two types of transcription factors
repressors (negative) and activators (positive)
What kind of transcription factor reduces the rate of transcription?
Repressors
What are the three proteins encoded for by the Lac operon?
beta-Galactosidase, permease, and transacetylase
What does the Z gene encode on the Lac operon?
beta-Galactosidase
What does the Y gene encode on the Lac operon?
permease
What does the A gene encode on the Lac operon?
transacetylase
Transports lactose into the cell
permease
Responsible for acetylation of beta-galactosides
transacetylase
Breaks lactose down into glucose and galactose
beta-galactosidase
What byproducts are produced when lactose is broken down into glucose and galactose by beta-galactosidase?
carbon dioxide, water, and ATP