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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
At what stage of gene expression does most regulation occur?
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transcription
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Trans-acting factors usually bind to ... upstream of the gene.
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cis-acting elements
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... usually binds to cis-acting elements upstream of the gene.
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Trans-acting factors
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Trans-acting factors usually bind to cis-acting elements ... of the gene.
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upstream
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constitutive expression
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unregulated gene is expressed at the same level all the time
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unregulated gene expressed at the same level all the time
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constitutive expression
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Gene expression is increased
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induction
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Gene expression is decreased
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repression
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What determines the basal transcription rate?
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promoter sequence
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The more closely the prokaryotic promoters resemble the consensus promoter sequence...
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...the more frequently transcription initiates.
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What portion of RNA confers promoter recognition?
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sigma subunit
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Layout of an operon
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|Activator|Promoter|Repressor|GeneA|GeneB|GeneC
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Shine-Dalgarno sequence (purpose)
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aligns ribosome with the START codon on mRNA
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How many Shine-Dalgarno sequences exist on a polycistronic mRNA strand?
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As many as there are protein encodings.
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Two types of transcription factors
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repressors (negative) and activators (positive)
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What kind of transcription factor reduces the rate of transcription?
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Repressors
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What are the three proteins encoded for by the Lac operon?
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beta-Galactosidase, permease, and transacetylase
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What does the Z gene encode on the Lac operon?
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beta-Galactosidase
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What does the Y gene encode on the Lac operon?
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permease
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What does the A gene encode on the Lac operon?
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transacetylase
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Transports lactose into the cell
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permease
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Responsible for acetylation of beta-galactosides
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transacetylase
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Breaks lactose down into glucose and galactose
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beta-galactosidase
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What byproducts are produced when lactose is broken down into glucose and galactose by beta-galactosidase?
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carbon dioxide, water, and ATP
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