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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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DNA-->mRNA is ?
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transcription
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mRNA-->DNA is ?
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reverse transcription
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mRNA-->protein
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translation
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What three things do u need for transcription?
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1) RNA polymerase
2)DNA template 3)UTP, ATP, GTP, CTP |
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What is RNA polymerase?
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Large enzymes, multi-subunit enzyme, 480,000 D.
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What catalyzes RNA synthesis?
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2 alph subunits
Beta subunit Beta prime subunit |
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What does the alpha subunit do?
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Recognition of start sites for transcription. (specific cellular needs)
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RNA polymerase contains four types of polypeptide chains. What are they?
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alpha, beta, beta', and sigma.
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What does the sigma factor do?
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turns on specific genes
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What is the first step in gene expression?
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The bringing of RNA polymerase to a region on DNA to initiate transcription.
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What is the region on DNA that RNA polymerase is brought to?
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The promoter sequence.
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What is the promoter sequence recognized by?
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The sigma factor
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What is the analogous region to the promoter in DNa synthesis?
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The origin of replication.
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One RNA pol enzyme has ____ sigma factors.
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many.
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Does the sigma factor fall of after being used?
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yes.
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What are the two types of termination of trancription?
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1)Rho independent
2)Rho dependent |
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What happens in the Rho independent?
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A stem loose structure destabalizes RNA Pol interation with DNa template and RNA Pol falls off.
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What happens in Rho dependent?
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Rho protein cleaves bonds btw new RNA and DNA template and destabilizes comlex and RNA pol falls off.
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Features of stem
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1)stong base complementarity(G---C;not many A--U)
2)Sufficient length |
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There is no point in making RNA unless you are generating ____ and _____ ____
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Proteins--> translation
Sturtural RNAs--> tRNA, rRNA |
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The only processing that occurs following synthesis is to ____ them
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release
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The large ribosomal subunit rRNA has ___s + __s and how many proteins?
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23, 5, 30
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The small ribosomal subunit rRNA has __s and how many proteins?
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16, 20
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The alignment of the 30s subunit on the ribosome binding site is facilitated by what?
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Base-pairing between the 3'-16s rRNA with the 5'-mRNA(ribosome binding site)
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What is the first stage in translation?
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Initiation
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What happens in initiation?
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The Ternory complex brings the f-net to the 30s subunit on the mRNA to form the 30s initiation complex.
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The initiation step includes?
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30s subunit, initiation factore 1,2,3, formyl-methionyl tRNA, ATP and F-net(which forms the ternory comlex)
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What is the initiation step followed by?
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Alignment of the 50s comlex onto the initiation comlex to form the 70s initiation comlex.
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What is the second stage in translation?
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The Elongation cycle
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What is the elongation cycle of translation?
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The addition of subsequent amino acids to a growing polypeptide chain.
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