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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Genes can switch on/off how?
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block transcription of mRNA
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repressor
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block transcription operon specific binds to operator
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operator
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DNA segment "on-off switch" repressor binding site
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operon
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promoter, operator and genes
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Lac Operon
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always repressed until lactose binds to the alosteric site of repressor to make it change shape to turn on gene
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Tryp Operon
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tryptophan aa, always on until excee trypt changes repressor shape to turn operon off
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repressible enzyme
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tryp operon feedback inhibition
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iducible enzyme
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lac operon systhesis of mRNA
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point mutations
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silent, missense and nonsense. change of one aa --> no aa change, 1 aa change, causes a stop codon repectively
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coding vs. nocoding
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exons, leaders, tailers and introns that are excised w/ snRNP
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gel electrophoreis
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process of seperating DNA fragments or protein according to size, charge
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restriction endonucleases
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cleaves dna in palidromic specifc sequences
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recombinant DNA
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Genetically engineered DNA prepared by transplanting or splicing genes from one species into the cells of a host organism of a different species. Such DNA becomes part of the host's genetic makeup and is replicated.
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Transformations
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DNA is taken up and then expressed in a host cell
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down side of using bacteria to express gene
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prok. lack certain part for gene expression , euk. genes may be too large, may lack post tranlational modification
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monohybrid
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one gene is hetero.
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dihibrid
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two genes are hetero.
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codominant
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both alles are expressed IaIb blood type
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incomplete dominance
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intermediate phenotype
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sex-linked
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X chromosome trait color blindness, hemophelia
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amniocentesis
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removes amniotic fluid, check for certain chemicals , grow cells in culture and karyotype (10ml)
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Chorionic Villus Sampling CVS
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tissue taken from chrioinc villi of placenta
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peloitrophy
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genes that has many phenotypic effects ex. sickle-cell anemia
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polygeneic inheritance
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more than 1 pair of alleles that control 1 characteristic ex. skin color
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epistasis
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diff. genes work together to control 1 phenotype ex. melanin deposit genes and coat color
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