Gender Psych Test Two Chapter 8

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A. STEREOTYPES OF EMOTIONS ARE STRONG

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1. WOMEN ARE EMOTIONAL, MEN ARE SEEN AS RATIONAL

1) THIS STEREOTYPE OVERLOOKS THE EMOTION OF ANGER, WHICH MEN ARE ALLOWED TO FEEL AND EXPRESS

2) WOMEN ARE ALLOWED OTHER EMOTIONS

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B. ARE WOMEN’S AND MEN’S EMOTIONS DIFFERENT

1.

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DEPENDS ON HOW YOU ASK

a) IF YOU ASK THEM, WOMEN AND MEN ARE NOT EQUALLY LIKELY TO ADMIT TO ALL EMOTIONS

1) BUT THE STEREOTYPE AFFECTS WILLINGNESS TO ADMIT AN EMOTION

b) IF YOU OBSERVE BEHAVIORS ASSOCIATED WITH EMOTION, GENDER DIFFERENCES APPEAR

1) DISPLAY RULES GOVERN THE EXPRESSION OF EMOTION, RULES THE SANCTION WHEN, WHERE, AND WHO MAY EXPRESS AND EMOTION
2) DISPLAY RULES VARY BY GENDER AND BY CULTURE

c) IF YOU MEASURE THE PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES TO EMOTION

1) VERY FEW GENDER DIFFERENCES APPEAR
2) SO, IS THE GENDER DIFFERENCE IN EXPRESSION AND NOT EXPERIENCE?
3) RESEARCH ON THE EXPERIENCE OF EMOTION INDICATES FEW GENDER DIFFERENCES IN ANGER, BUT MEN EXPERIENCE MORE EXCITEMENT AND CALM AND WOMEN MORE SADNESS AND ANXIETY

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a) IF YOU ASK THEM,

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WOMEN AND MEN ARE NOT EQUALLY LIKELY TO ADMIT TO ALL EMOTIONS

1) BUT THE STEREOTYPE AFFECTS WILLINGNESS TO ADMIT AN EMOTION

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b) IF YOU OBSERVE BEHAVIORS ASSOCIATED WITH EMOTION, GENDER DIFFERENCES APPEAR

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1) DISPLAY RULES GOVERN THE EXPRESSION OF EMOTION, RULES THE SANCTION WHEN, WHERE, AND WHO MAY EXPRESS AND EMOTION
2) DISPLAY RULES VARY BY GENDER AND BY CULTURE

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c) IF YOU MEASURE THE PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES TO EMOTION

 
 
 

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1) VERY FEW GENDER DIFFERENCES APPEAR
2) SO, IS THE GENDER DIFFERENCE IN EXPRESSION AND NOT EXPERIENCE?
3) RESEARCH ON THE EXPERIENCE OF EMOTION INDICATES FEW GENDER DIFFERENCES IN ANGER, BUT MEN EXPERIENCE MORE EXCITEMENT AND CALM AND WOMEN MORE SADNESS AND ANXIETY

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THE MYTH OF MATERNAL INSTINCT HOLDS

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THAT NURTURING BEHAVIORS OF MOTHERS TOWARD THEIR CHILDREN ARE DETERMINED BY BIOLOGICAL FACTORS


AND ARE LARGELY INSENSITIVE TO ENVIRONMENTAL OR EXPERIENTIAL EFFECT

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C) HARLOW’S STUDIES WITH MATERNAL DEPRIVATION

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1) INDICATED THAT THE EXPERIENCE OF BEING NURTURED WAS CRITICAL TO NOT ONLY NURTURING BUT ALSO TO MANY OTHER SOCIAL BEHAVIORS.

2) MOTHERS ARE NOT NECESSARY FOR THIS DEVELOPMENT – ANY ADEQUATE NURTURER WILL DO.

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3) RESEARCH ON THE EXPERIENCE OF EMOTION INDICATES FEW GENDER DIFFERENCES IN ANGER,

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BUT MEN EXPERIENCE MORE EXCITEMENT AND CALM AND

WOMEN MORE SADNESS AND ANXIETY

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D. PROMINENCE OF MALE AGGRESSION

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1. DEVELOPMENTAL GENDER DIFFERENCES IN AGGRESSION

A) BOYS ARE MORE LIKELY TO BE INVOLVED IN PHYSICAL EXPRESSION OF AGGRESSION

B) GIRLS ARE MORE LIKELY TO USE INDIRECT AGGRESSION

C) CHILDREN ARE MORE AGGRESSIVE THAN ADOLESCENTS, WHO ARE MORE AGGRESSIVE THAN ADULTS.

D) AGGRESSION IS A STABLE BEHAVIOR PATTERN FOR THOSE CHILDREN IDENTIFIES AS MOST AGGRESSIVE; THAY ARE LIKELY TO BE AGGRESSIVE ADULTS.

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D. PROMINENCE OF MALE AGGRESSION

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1. DEVELOPMENTAL GENDER DIFFERENCES IN AGGRESSION

A) BOYS ARE MORE LIKELY TO BE INVOLVED IN PHYSICAL EXPRESSION OF AGGRESSION

B) GIRLS ARE MORE LIKELY TO USE INDIRECT AGGRESSION

C) CHILDREN ARE MORE AGGRESSIVE THAN ADOLESCENTS, WHO ARE MORE AGGRESSIVE THAN ADULTS.

D) AGGRESSION IS A STABLE BEHAVIOR PATTERN FOR THOSE CHILDREN IDENTIFIES AS MOST AGGRESSIVE; THAY ARE LIKELY TO BE AGGRESSIVE ADULTS.

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BOYS ARE

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MORE LIKELY TO BE INVOLVED IN PHYSICAL EXPRESSION OF AGGRESSIO

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B) GIRLS ARE MORE LIKELY

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TO USE INDIRECT AGGRESSION

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B) CHILDREN ARE MORE AGGRESSIVE

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THAN ADOLESCENTS, WHO ARE MORE AGGRESSIVE THAN ADULTS.

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GGRESSION IS A STABLE BEHAVIOR PATTERN FOR THOSE CHILDREN

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IDENTIFIES AS MOST AGGRESSIVE; THAY ARE LIKELY TO BE AGGRESSIVE ADULTS.

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GENDER DIFFERENCES IN AGGRESSION DURING ADULTHOOD

A) ARE MAINLY IN STYLE

1) MEN ARE MORE LIKELY TO BE INVOLVED IN PHYSICAL FIGHTS

2) WOMEN ARE MORE LIKELY TO USE INDIRECT AGGRESSION, BUT MEN ALSO USE AGGRESSION

B) UNDER SOME CIRCUMSTANCES, WOMEN CAN BE AS AGGRESSIVE AS MEN.

1) WHEN PROVOKED
2) WHEN RETALIATION IS NOT LIKELY

C) DOMESTIC VIOLENCE

1) WOMEN ARE AS LIKELY TO HIT A PARTNER AS MEN ARE
2) WOMEN ARE MORE LIKELY TO BE SERIOUSLY INJURED BY A MALE PARTNER
3) WOMEN’S EXPERIENCES WITH FIGHTS TEND TO BE RELATIONSHIP VIOLENCE,
Whereas men are more likely to fight with other men.

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A) ARE MAINLY IN STYLE

1) MEN ARE MORE LIKELY TO BE INVOLVED IN PHYSICAL FIGHTS

2) WOMEN ARE MORE LIKELY TO USE INDIRECT AGGRESSION, BUT MEN ALSO USE AGGRESSION

B) UNDER SOME CIRCUMSTANCES, WOMEN CAN BE AS AGGRESSIVE AS MEN.

1) WHEN PROVOKED
2) WHEN RETALIATION IS NOT LIKELY

C) DOMESTIC VIOLENCE

1) WOMEN ARE AS LIKELY TO HIT A PARTNER AS MEN ARE
2) WOMEN ARE MORE LIKELY TO BE SERIOUSLY INJURED BY A MALE PARTNER
3) WOMEN’S EXPERIENCES WITH FIGHTS TEND TO BE RELATIONSHIP VIOLENCE,
Whereas men are more likely to fight with other men.

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B) UNDER SOME CIRCUMSTANCES, WOMEN CAN BE AS AGGRESSIVE AS MEN.

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1) WHEN PROVOKED
2) WHEN RETALIATION IS NOT LIKELY

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B) GIRLS ARE MORE LIKELY

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TO USE INDIRECT AGGRESSION

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B) CHILDREN ARE MORE AGGRESSIVE

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THAN ADOLESCENTS, WHO ARE MORE AGGRESSIVE THAN ADULTS.

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GGRESSION IS A STABLE BEHAVIOR PATTERN FOR THOSE CHILDREN

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IDENTIFIES AS MOST AGGRESSIVE; THAY ARE LIKELY TO BE AGGRESSIVE ADULTS.

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GENDER DIFFERENCES IN AGGRESSION DURING ADULTHOOD

A) ARE MAINLY IN STYLE

1) MEN ARE MORE LIKELY TO BE INVOLVED IN PHYSICAL FIGHTS

2) WOMEN ARE MORE LIKELY TO USE INDIRECT AGGRESSION, BUT MEN ALSO USE AGGRESSION

B) UNDER SOME CIRCUMSTANCES, WOMEN CAN BE AS AGGRESSIVE AS MEN.

1) WHEN PROVOKED
2) WHEN RETALIATION IS NOT LIKELY

C) DOMESTIC VIOLENCE

1) WOMEN ARE AS LIKELY TO HIT A PARTNER AS MEN ARE
2) WOMEN ARE MORE LIKELY TO BE SERIOUSLY INJURED BY A MALE PARTNER
3) WOMEN’S EXPERIENCES WITH FIGHTS TEND TO BE RELATIONSHIP VIOLENCE,
Whereas men are more likely to fight with other men.

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A) ARE MAINLY IN STYLE

1) MEN ARE MORE LIKELY TO BE INVOLVED IN PHYSICAL FIGHTS

2) WOMEN ARE MORE LIKELY TO USE INDIRECT AGGRESSION, BUT MEN ALSO USE AGGRESSION

B) UNDER SOME CIRCUMSTANCES, WOMEN CAN BE AS AGGRESSIVE AS MEN.

1) WHEN PROVOKED
2) WHEN RETALIATION IS NOT LIKELY

C) DOMESTIC VIOLENCE

1) WOMEN ARE AS LIKELY TO HIT A PARTNER AS MEN ARE
2) WOMEN ARE MORE LIKELY TO BE SERIOUSLY INJURED BY A MALE PARTNER
3) WOMEN’S EXPERIENCES WITH FIGHTS TEND TO BE RELATIONSHIP VIOLENCE,
Whereas men are more likely to fight with other men.

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B) UNDER SOME CIRCUMSTANCES, WOMEN CAN BE AS AGGRESSIVE AS MEN.

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1) WHEN PROVOKED
2) WHEN RETALIATION IS NOT LIKELY

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3 WAYS 2. GENDER DIFFERENCES IN AGGRESSION DURING ADULTHOOD

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THESTYLE OF AGGRESSION
\
UNDER SOME CIRCUMSTANCES, WOMEN CAN BE AS AGGRESSIVE AS MEN.

DOMISTIC VIOLENCE

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DOMESTIC VIOLENCE

1) WOMEN ARE AS LIKELY TO HIT A PARTNER AS MEN ARE
2) WOMEN ARE MORE LIKELY TO BE SERIOUSLY INJURED BY A MALE PARTNER
3) WOMEN’S EXPERIENCES WITH FIGHTS TEND TO BE RELATIONSHIP VIOLENCE,
Whereas men are more likely to fight with other men.

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1) WOMEN ARE AS LIKELY TO HIT A PARTNER AS MEN ARE
2) WOMEN ARE MORE LIKELY TO BE SERIOUSLY INJURED BY A MALE PARTNER
3) WOMEN’S EXPERIENCES WITH FIGHTS TEND TO BE RELATIONSHIP VIOLENCE,
Whereas men are more likely to fight with other men.

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A) Gender and crime have a definite relationship

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1) men about 3.5 times more likely than women to be both perpetrators and victims of violent crime.
2) increases in rate of crime among women have tended to be for nonviolent rather than violent offenses.
3) women, however, fear criminal victimization more than men, especially rape.

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B) sexual violence

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shows large gender differences

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2. ANGER IS NOTABLE ABSENT FROM THE LIST OF EMOTIONS STEREOTYPICALLY

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ASSOCIATED WITH WOMEN BUT IS MORE STRONGLY ASSOCIATED WITH MEN

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3. EMOTIONS ASSOCIATED WITH WOMEN

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AS EXPRESSIONS OF POWERLESSNESS

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EMOTIONS ASSOCIATED WITH MEN

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POWER

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5. STEREOTYPES OF OVEREMOTIONAL WOMEN AND RESTRAINED MEN ARE AMONG

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THE MOST PREVALENT IN THE US

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7. DISPLAY RULES OFFER EXPLANATION FOR THE VARIABILITY OF EMOTION FROM PERSON TO PERSON AND FROM CULTURE TO CULTURE AND WHY WOMEN COULD CRY MORE THAN MEN

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FOR THE VARIABILITY OF EMOTION FROM PERSON TO PERSON AND FROM CULTURE TO CULTURE AND WHY WOMEN COULD CRY MORE THAN MEN

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8. DISPLAY RULES PROHIBIT MEN FROM OPENLY

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EXPRESSING EMOTIONS SUCH AS SADNESS

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Anger is strongly associated with men

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It fits with the" give em hell" aspect of the male gender role