Gender Psych Test One Chapter 4

Front 1

LIST THREE STERIOD HOMONES IMPORTANT TO SEXUAL DEVELPMENT

Back 1

ANDROGENS
ESTEROGENS
PROGESTINS

Front 2

THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM AND STEROID HORMONES

Back 2

Affect the development and functioning of the reproductive system

Front 3

Hormones

Back 3

Substances secreted from endocrine glands

Front 4

STEROID HORMONES

Back 4

RELATE TO REPRODUCTIVE FUNCTIONING

GIVES THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE SEXES

Front 5

TWO MAIN CLASSES OF GONAD HORMONES

Back 5

ANDROGENS AND ESTROGENS

Front 6

WHAT DO PEOPLE ERRONEOUSLY CONSIDER ABOUT ANDROGENS

Back 6

TO BE BE MALE

Front 7

ESTROGENS

Back 7

TO BE FEMALE

Front 8

WHAT DO BOTH MALE AND FEMALE HAVE

Back 8

BOTHE ANDROGENS AND ESTROGENS BUT IN DIFFERENT PROPORTIONS

Front 9

NAME THE 3 STAGES OF DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE SEXES

Back 9

•development of sexual dimorphism,

•beginning at conception and

•Ending at puberty

Front 10

. WHEN DOES SEXUAL DIFFERENTIATION

Back 10

•Begins at conception,

•inheritance of an X chromosome from the mother


•X chromosome or a Y chromosome from the father

Front 11

The Internal Reproductive Organs BEGIN

Back 11

•begin to develop in embryos

Front 12

WOLFFIAN AND MULLERIAN SYSTEM BEGINS

Back 12

•Give embryos the capability of developing according to either the male or female pattern.

Front 13

MALE EMBROYS HAVE 4 RESPONABILITIES

Back 13

1. •Produce androgens, which prompt the development of the Wolffian system,

2.Male embryos produce Müllerian-inhibiting substance,

3. This causes the Müllerian system to degenerate

4. Both actions produce development of the male pattern

Front 14

WHAT HAPPENS TO THE FEMALE EMBRYOS

Back 14

1. THE MULLERIAN SYSTEM DEVELOPS

2. WOLFFIAN SYSTEM DEGENERATES

3. DEVELOPMENT OF THE FEMALE PATTERN REQUIRES NO PRENATAL SURGE OF HORMONES

Front 15

WHEN DOES THE EXTERNAL GENITALIA DEVELOP

Back 15

1. DEVEOP AFTER THE INTERNAL GENITALIA DURING THE 3RD AND 4TH MONTHS OF PRENATAL DEVLOPMENT

Front 16

EXPLAIN ABOUT THE MALE AND FEMALE EXTERNAL GENITALIA

Back 16

IN THE BEGINNING THAY ARE IDENTICAL BUT DIFFERENTIATE ACCORDING TO THE PRESENCE OF ANDROGENS WHICH PROMPTS DEVELOPMENT ACCORDING TO THE MALE ATTERN

Front 17

HOW IS THE FEMALE EXTERNAL GENITALIA FORMED

Back 17

WITHOUT THE PRESENCE OF ANDROGENS, THE DEVELOPMENT PROCEEDS ACCORDING TO THE FEMALE PATTERN

Front 18

WHAT CHANGES TAKE PLACE DURING PUBERTY

Back 18

• produce sexually motivated individuals capable of reproduction
• The presence of hormones seems necessary for the development of sexual interest during puberty, but evidence is less clear concerning the role of gonadal hormones in maintaining sexual interest in adult humans.
• Men’s sexual interest and performance seem more affected by removal of the testes than do women’s sexual interest and ability by removal of the ovaries.

Front 19

WHAT HAPPENS WHEN THINGS GO WRONG

Back 19

INDIVIDUALS MAY MATCH NEITHER MALE OR FEMALE

Front 20

NAME THREE TYPES OF ABNORMALITIES

Back 20

1. IN THE NUMBER OF SEX CHROMOSOMES

2. ABNORMALITIES IN PRENATAL HORMONES

3. HORMONES THAT PROVIDE BEHAVIOR INSTABILITU KNOWN AS RAGING HORMONES

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. Abnormalities in Number of Sex Chromosomes

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• include missing or extras of pair 23, the sex chromosomes

Front 22

) Individuals with ABNORMALITES IN THE NUMBER OF SEX CHROMONSOMES OFTEN HAVE (LIST 3 )

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• developmental disabilities,

• increased chances of mental retardation

• reproductive problems

Front 23

Turner syndrome

Back 23

1 occurs when one chromosome of pair 23 is missing,


• resulting in an individual with female-looking external genitalia


• but missing internal reproductive organs

.

Front 24

THE XXX PATTERN

Back 24

1. • produces a female who may or may not have developmental or reproductive problems

2• additional X chromosomes are associated with increasingly severe problems

Front 25

) Klinefelter syndrome

Back 25

• XXY chromosome pattern, results in a sterile male with a feminized body appearance

Front 26

LIST THREE ABNORMALITIES IN THE NUMBER OF SEX CHROMOSOMES

Back 26

1. TURNER SYNDROME
2. THE XXX PATTERN
3. tHE KLINEFELTER

Front 27

NAME 4 TYPES OF ABNORMALITIES IN PRENATAL HORMONES

Back 27

1. HERMAPHRODITISM OR INTERSEXUALITY

2. THE ADRENOGENITAL SYDROME (CONGENTIAL ADRENAL HYERPLASIA

3. ADROGEN INSENSITIVTY SYNDROME

4. 5-REDUCTASE DEFICIENCY

Front 28

b. Abnormalities in Prenatal Hormones

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• can produce a mismatch between chromosomal sex and reproductive organs or even between internal and external genitalia

Front 29

) Hermaphroditism or intersexuality

Back 29

• occurs when an individual has both male and female reproductive organs (or parts of each)

Front 30

The adrenogenital syndrome (congenital adrenal hyperplasia)

Back 30

• produces a masculinization of the external genitalia of female fetuses, which may be minor and can be corrected with surgery

Front 31

ANDROGEN INSENSITIVITY

Back 31

• affects chromosomal males such that their bodies fail to respond to androgens, and they develop the external (but not internal) genitalia of females

a) These individuals typically are not identified until they fail to reach menarche, and no hormone treatment will prompt male development

b) They identify as female (and so do others identify them as female

Front 32

) 5- reductase deficiency

Back 32

• produces individuals who may be identified as girls at birth but who masculinize during puberty

Front 33

E. HORMONES AND BEHAVIOR INSTABILITY—”raging hormones”—

Back 33

• have been considered as potential problems for both men and women

Front 34

LIST TWO PROBLEMS WITH HORMOES AND THAT CAUSE BEHAVIOR INSTBILITY KNOWN AS RAGING HORMONES

Back 34

1. PREMENSTRUAL SYNDROME (PMS)

2. 2. Testosterone and Aggression

Front 35

2. Testosterone and Aggression

Back 35

• are connected in some species, but the relationship in humans is complex

a. A series of studies by James Dabbs and his colleagues

revealed complex relationships between testosterone level and antisocial (but not necessarily aggressive) behavior

b. Testosterone also affects women's behavior, but the results from studies on women also show a complex pattern

c. Rather than testosterone causing aggression, the relationship may be the other way around— aggression may raise the level of testosterone.

1) The relationship may be even more complex, with testosterone being one factor in an interaction that is capable of making men warriors or fathers, as the headline story suggested.

Front 36

PMS

Back 36

• has received wide publicity but not a precise definition

a. Research on PMS has varied over the years, but most of that research has not been carefully controlled for expectation

b. Two well-controlled studies failed to find any evidence of PMS or, indeed, any difference in mood fluctuations between young men and young women.

1) When participants had to recall moods, however, evidence of PMS appeared, suggesting that the mood-related symptoms of PMS may be due to attribution rather than experience.

2) The publicity concerning premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) has led to increased attention for PMS and

PMDD, and women (and those around them) may be more willing to attribute women’s negative mood to PMS than to accept other causes for these problems.