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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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sex |
a person's biological identity i.e. hormones, physical features, chromosomes |
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gender |
a person's social and cultural identity |
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Gender role development |
Process of acquiring a gender identity and the motives, values, and behaviors appropriate for their biological sex |
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Evolutionary theory of gender roles for men and women |
men need spatial skills for hunting women need to be nurturing |
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Androgen |
Class of male or masculinizing hormone |
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Gender boy and girl Brain Lateralization |
Girls brain's mature earlier Earlier maturation related to higher verbal skills |
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Biosocial Theory of Gender Role Development |
Inherit X or Y from father If Y, teste secrete testosterone to create male genitals society labels child at birth at puberty, sex characteristics and urges combine with label |
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Freud's Psychoanalytic theory of gender roles |
Males are gender typed and identify with father to overcome oedipal complex Females identify with mothers because they cannot be a male like their father |
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Learning Theory of Gender Roles |
Behaviors acquired through learning when a child recognizes behaviors, labels own gender |
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Learning Theory: Direct Instruction |
Child rewarded for gender-appropriate behaviors and punished for opposite sex behaviors |
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Kohlber's Cognitive Development Theory: Self-Socialization |
Child recognizes own gender and establishes a stable gender identity |
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Kohlber's Cognitive Development Theory: Gender Identity
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Knowledge that one is male or female done by age three |
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Kohlber's Cognitive Development Theory: Gender Stability
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Knowledge that one's gender does not change over time |
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Kohlber's Cognitive Development Theory: Gender Consistency |
Knowledge that one's gender does not change as a result of alterations in one's appearance, behaviors, or desires 5-7 years |
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Kohlber's Cognitive Development Theory
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Self Socialization Child seeks information about gender and same sex models to imitate |
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Gender Segregation |
clustering of individuals in same sex groups at Girls prefer to play with girls Boys prefer to play with boys |
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Same-sex/opposite sex Schema |
Kids knowledge of one sex or the other composed largely of social stereo types |
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Own-Sex Schema |
More elaborate schema about behaviors relevant to one's own sex used to process new information |
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Expressive role |
Female associated with emotion or relationships with people kind, nurturing, cooperative, sensitive |
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Instrumental Role |
Male Characteristics of Acting on the world dominant, assertive, independent, and competitive |
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Gender Intensification |
Increased pressure to conform |
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Androgyny |
Masculinity and femininity are at two separate dimensions allows people to be high in both masculine and feminine traits |
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Advantages to androgyny |
More adaptable higher self-esteem better adjusted with masculine traits |
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Developmental vulnerability between genders |
boys are more susceptible to prenatal hazards and disease |
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Physical maturity between genders |
girls more advanced from birth until puberty |
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Verbal ability between genders |
girls score higher on reading, spelling, and grammar |
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Visual/Spatial ability between genders |
Boys score higher on depth perception and mental rotation |
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Math differences between genders |
boys score slightly higher girls better at computational skills |
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Aggression difference between genders |
boys more physically aggressive and angry Girls and boys equal in relationship aggression with others ie gossip and manipulation |
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Self-esteem difference between genders |
Boys slightly higher beginning in adolescence |
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What Research says about gender difference |
Boys and girls much more similar that different psychologically |
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Math Performance differences in Gender |
Boys expected to do better in math and attribute it to hard work girls success in math seen as due to hard work-they then lose interest in math |
