Gender Crime And Justice

Front 1

Radical feminism views patriarchy

Back 1

as sexual system of power in which men rule

Front 2

Men want to control

Back 2

our sexuality

Front 3

__________ keeps women oppressed

Back 3

Sexism

Front 4

Men exercise _________ over women

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Control

Front 5

In order to maintain this control, men can use ___________________

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Violence

Front 6

How else are women oppressed?

Back 6

Domestic sphere, glass ceilings, paid maternity leave, "prince charming"

Front 7

Refusing to reproduce moms are

Back 7

Butch culture

Front 8

Socialist Feminism

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Women's oppression stem from their work in the paid economy

Front 9

What are mothers to social feminists?

Back 9

All mothers are working mothers

Front 10

Socialist Feminist question

Back 10

Why women's contribute does not match up economically to mens

Front 11

Post-Modern feminist say

Back 11

that social feminists are too idealistic

Front 12

What is Science to Post-Modern feminists?

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Science is male based and male biased

Front 13

Why is Science male biased?

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Because it studies things in particular interests of white men

Front 14

Black Feminism

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Ideas produced by black women that clarify a standpoint of and/or for black women

Front 15

Critiques of Feminism

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Men and women who think only gender matter are only limiting him/herself

Front 16

But the summary of feminism is......

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sexism discrimination exist in all social institutions

Front 17

How much of total crime to women commit in America?

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7%

Front 18

Research limitations by the prison?

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The prisons are owned privately, which means they can refuse allowing researchers into prisons

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Research limitations by the justice system?

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Does not want to grant many research requests

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Many times women prisons

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run for profit

Front 21

It is estimated that ____ of women are sexually assaulted in intimate partner violence

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90%

Front 22

These victims.....

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never get into the crime data

Front 23

Less than ________ of __________report victimization

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1/2, victims

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Why would victims not report?

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Little sanctions

Difficult to convict

Needs of victims are not the same

Physically/emotionally traumatized

Front 25

Gender Gap?

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Crimes that are inherently female

Front 26

Out of 48 kills per day,

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46 will be male

Front 27

We pay attention to

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women who deviate/are different from gender norms

Front 28

Casey Anthony (not guilty) was interesting because

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Such a strong deviation from gender roles. Shes attractive, white husband.

Front 29

Criminology is (NeCC)

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the scientific study of the nature, extent, cause and control of criminal behavior.

Front 30

What is deviance

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It is behavior that departs from social norms

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Not all crimes are _______________

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deviant

Front 32

And not all deviant acts are_______________

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criminal

Front 33

Criminologists study both crime and deviance to understand the _____________________________

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nature and purpose of the law

Front 34

Utilitarianism means what

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greatest amount of good for the greatest number of people

Front 35

Choice is controlled by

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fear of punishment

Front 36

People have the choice

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to commit crimes or not

Front 37

Punishment is meant

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to control behavior

Front 38

Punishment needs to be

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swift certain and severe

Front 39

Thomas v Alabama

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Blacks have rights to juries of other black members

Front 40

Equal Pay Act

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prohibits discrimination in compensation of the basis of gender

Front 41

What are the limitations of the Equal Pay Act?

Back 41

no salary disclosure, taboo to talk about wages, and no recourse

Front 42

When was Title VII passed?

Back 42

In 1964

Front 43

What did Title VII state?

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It prohibited discrimination on the basis of sex re "compensation, terms conditions or privileges of employment"

Front 44

What was Title 7?

Back 44

extremely helpful

Front 45

Why was Title 7 extremely helpful?

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It protected women by ensuring that you have to hire men and women equally

Front 46

Despite Title 7 being extremely successful what was its limitation

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It didn't change the duties women were hired to perform

Front 47

What constitutes as workplace discrimination?

Back 47

Harassment- Hostile work environment

Front 48

What are examples of harassment?

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quid-pro-quo (this for that)

Front 49

Title 7 said that you couldn't just hire women but

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had to make a work place a place so they could thrive

Front 50

if you file a grievance

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you can't be fired for filing a claim

Front 51

What was Title IX- education act

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Equal number of sports opportunity and eradicate discrimination of gender in the educational system

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Affect from Title IX-

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Athletics but not inter-gender sports

Front 53

What passed in 1978?

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Pregnancy Discrimination Act

Front 54

What did the PDA say?

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They could not refuse to hire you because you were in child-bearing years. They could not fire you for becoming pregnant. They had to give you 6 weeks off unpaid leave.

Front 55

Where is the only country that doesn't require maternity leave?

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The United States

Front 56

Who decides if women get maternity leave?

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The employers

Front 57

So what is the limitations of the PDA

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it just says you can't be fired

Front 58

Same-sex couple and heterosexuals who can't get pregnant are

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not entitled to any leave at all (upon adoption)

Front 59

What barriers have kept women from working in the legal profession?

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Social barriers

Front 60

Who was Margaret Brent

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Referred to as "Gentleman Margaret" first woman to practice law in the US. based in Maryland and lost her womanhood

Front 61

Who was Ada Kepley?

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First woman to enter a US law school

Front 62

Which US law school did Kepley enter?

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NorthWestern

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When did Kepley enter Northwestern/

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1870

Front 64

Why were women not allowed to enter the law school?

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Attractiveness, couldn't carry the caseload, emotionally unstable, they couldn't be discreet (gossip), beholden to marriage and motherhood

Front 65

Who was Mary Ann Shad Cary

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First black woman to enroll in law school

Front 66

Bradwell v Illinois

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Women goes to law school graduates, marries judge, passed bar, goes to get license and is refused

Front 67

Why did Illinois say Bradwell couldn't get her license?

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because her first job was to a wife and mother to her children and family

Front 68

Annabelle Mansfield had a _________

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brother who was a lawyer

Front 69

When did Annabelle Mansfield pass the bar?

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In 1869

Front 70

Where did she pass and who gave Annabelle Mansfield her license?

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Iowa

Front 71

What was the backdrop of the suffragette movement?

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These were women who had brothers, husbands, cousins that were practicing in law.

Front 72

Until 1971 women taking the BAr

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had to take it in separate rooms

Front 73

So what are the stereotypes of men

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They are creatures of lust

Front 74

What characteristics are not suited for the practice of law?

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Feminine ones

Front 75

When could women join the ABA

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1918

Front 76

Some women to join the ABA had to

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get a letter from their husband

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"Land, like women....

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was meant to be possessed."

Front 78

Female professors are

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extremely underrepresented

Front 79

Female professors are extremely underrepresented

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especially in law schools

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What is the Mommy Track?

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not on the partner track (10 year track)

Front 81

Law firms and law schools

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don't want to hire women of child bearing age

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few firms accept

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work from home and give little opportunity for flexibility

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What do women face in the workforce then?

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The glass ceiling

Front 84

How much do women charge as lawyers?

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They wont' bill accurately for their work and will bill less.

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More women are _______ than actual lawyers

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Paralegals

Front 86

Women are most likely to allow their law license

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to expire after receiving them

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Men earn

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significantly higher salaries

Front 88

There are also _______ in the courtroom that face women

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biases

Front 89

Women are seen as

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less effective, too emotional, gullible

Front 90

There is a personality

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tight rope

Front 91

Women who are aggressive are deemed as

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emotional, erratics, angry, bitchy and or"on the rag"

Front 92

Bias studies

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Women defendants and litigants face an uphill battle

Front 93

What manifests in the courtooms

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Biases in the perceptions and practices of courtroom actors

Front 94

Which court cases are victims intensely scrutinized?

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domestic violence, sexual assault, divorce,

Front 95

Our law is

Back 95

androcentric

Front 96

What does androcentric law mean?

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female victims of male crimes will be viewed through masculine lenses

Front 97

Who was Sandra Day O Connor?

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First woman appointed to the Supreme Court

Front 98

Obama appointed how many women?

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Two

Front 99

How many women in total are on the federal US Supreme Court

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3

Front 100

What has that made the US Supreme Court?

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liberal and left leaning

Front 101

Drugs are intertwined with what two crimes?

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Property crimes and sex works

Front 102

What does that make these crimes that women commit?

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Survival crimes

Front 103

What happened before Nixon declared the war on drugs?

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Drugs were given to women a lot by their doctors, take the edge of, deal with your unhappiness as being a house wife

Front 104

When did Nixon declare the WOD

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1970s

Front 105

What did the WOD do?

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Raised a particular stigma on mothers who used drug

Front 106

What was going on in the 70s and 80s?

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Drug use was part of counter-culture

Front 107

After Nixon declared his war on drugs

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there were exponential increases in prison sentencing.

Front 108

When did Obama finally changed the guidelines for crack?

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2011 . from 1g to 5g

Front 109

What do women who are addicts have in common?

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Most have had early exposure to the drug
Most had early victimization and reoccuring trauma

Many had social marginalization and economic pressures

Front 110

Why could drug behavior become normalized?

Back 110

The lack of pro-social models

Front 111

_____________ of these women have reoccuring _______________________ disorders

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72%, mental health

Front 112

Out of all the women who are incarcerated in federal prisons, drug offenders make up

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72%

Front 113

Out of this 72% how many were convicted for use and not sale?

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85%

Front 114

Why do women use drugs?

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Self medication, alleviates symptoms of mental disease, social marginalization, economic pressures, homelessness, domestic violence

Front 115

Most women who use drugs have

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co-occuring mental health issues which are more severe for women than men

Front 116

A lot of times they want to treat symptoms of addiction but not the underlying mental problem

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but that never works, you have to treat both things at once.

Front 117

How many people are drug addicts?

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5% of 7 billion.

Front 118

What do women face after incarceration

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difficulty accessing employment

Front 119

Drugs are the most common factor in ______

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female property offending

Front 120

Pink Collar Crime is

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prostitution

Front 121

How many hos have had previous childhood victimization

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87%

Front 122

Why do hos not rely on police?

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because the police are threats and could lead to further victimization

Front 123

Network of women

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informal support, carry knives, informal support networks

Front 124

Neonaticide

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killing of a child within the first 24 hours of birth

Front 125

Who rarely commits neonaticide?

Back 125

fathers

Front 126

What is atypical of neonaticide?

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It occurs with some other mental illness

Front 127

What is infanticide?

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killing of a child within the first year

Front 128

Who rarely commits infanticide?

Back 128

fathers

Front 129

What is fillicide?

Back 129

Kililng of ones own child after a year but before 18

Front 130

Who commits fillicide?

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Could be either parents

Front 131

Women are much more likely to kill _____

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male victims

Front 132

Who was Andrea Yates?

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she drowned her 5 children

Front 133

What did Yates have?

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a history of mental health issues

Front 134

What was yates found?

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not guilty by measure on insanity

Front 135

What are the 2 altruistic themes of infanticide

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Pressures to be a good mother and pressures of being the sole caretaker (they would be better somewhere else)

Front 136

If women are under the age of 25 and kill their baby?

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They are most likely a psychotic offender

Front 137

What does it mean to be psychotic offender?

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They disassociate the killing of an unwanted infant

Front 138

There are three options of how to plead in these cases, what are they?

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insanity (factual guilt, without the ability to inform intent)
Diminished capacity (murder down to manslaughter with evidence of mental illness

Front 139

Gender is not something

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one has/is but is something that one does

Front 140

By assigning people to one or two categories (male/female)

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society has created a dichotomy and strong difference between them

Front 141

Genders strongest influence

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is at the interactional level

Front 142

What is feminism?

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recognition that gender inequalities exist in society and moves to end domination and oppression in all forms

Front 143

Feminism is

Back 143

a recognition and critique of male supremacy combined with efforts to change it

Front 144

Feminists fight for

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the equality of women and argue that women should share equally in society's opportunities and scare resources

Front 145

What happened in 1848?

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Seneca Falls (birthplace of Feminism/

Front 146

How many people attended Seneca Falls

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300 people

Front 147

How many years did the battle take to secure the first vote?

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72 years

Front 148

When did the first vote happen?

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1920

Front 149

Marianna Weber believe that

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women's movement should focus on equality of women. and women should be financially independent

Front 150

What was erotic movement about?

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sexual autonomy, led to what is known as the erotic movement

Front 151

Second-wave Feminism of the 1960s

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free love helped women escape the sexual double standard

Front 152

Divorce become _______

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easier to obtain in the 1960s

Front 153

Examining the race-class-gender linkage originated?

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with african american feminists in the 1960s

Front 154

what is the feminization of poverty?

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women are more likely then men to be poor

Front 155

Which women are likely to be poor?

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single women, women of color/elderly women living alone

Front 156

Mainstream white feminists

Back 156

often negligent of the reality of women of color

Front 157

Liberal Feminism

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Is the mainstream perspective

Front 158

Liberal feminism says

Back 158

all people are created equal and should not be denied equal opportunity based on gender

Front 159

Liberal Feminism NGO?

Back 159

NOW

Front 160

Liberal feminists think that obstacles to equality

Back 160

lie in traditional laws and behaviors

Front 161

liberal feminist think that

Back 161

the primary obstacle is sexism

Front 162

Why was liberal feminism criticized?

Back 162

for failing to explain institutionalized social classes and racial oppression

Front 163

Radical feminism is

Back 163

the claim that all men use sexism to keep women oppressed. male power and privilege is the basic control of social relations

Front 164

Radical feminists say what about sexuality and existing structures?

Back 164

heterosexuality is a tool of male dominance and promote butch culture to escape the cage of femininity. God is male

Front 165

Post-Modern feminism

Back 165

only rational, abstract thought and scientific thought can lead to valid knowledge

Front 166

Gender vertigo

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Gender vertigo refers to the profund effect the elimination of gender would have on every persons sense of identity

Front 167

Feminism refers to

Back 167

a social movement to empower women

Front 168

Feminists believe that women

Back 168

should enjoy the same rights in society as men and that should share equally in society's opportunities

Front 169

First wave feminism focused on the

Back 169

suffrage

Front 170

2nd wave feminism focused on

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sexuality, inequalities, reproductive rights, victimization

Front 171

What is the UCR

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Uniform Crime Report

Front 172

What is the Uniform Crime Report

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one of the largest datasets on crime

Front 173

How many police agencies does the UCR collect from?

Back 173

over 17,000

Front 174

Who publishes the UCR?

Back 174

The FBI

Front 175

The UCR is viewed....

Back 175

as the most accurate assessment of crime

Front 176

What are disadvantages to using the UCR

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it only includes crimes report to the police and only includes data on certain types of crimes

Front 177

What is the NCVS?

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National Crime Victimization Survery

Front 178

What does the NCVS include?

Back 178

Interviews of victims age 12 or older regarding their victimizations

Front 179

What is the dark figure of crime

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the amount of unreported or undiscovered crime

Front 180

Additional sources of data

Back 180

Self-report studies, National Violence Against Women Survey, national intimate partner and seuaxl violence survey

Front 181

The __________ has had a significant effect on the experience of women _________________

Back 181

feminist movement criminal justice system

Front 182

gender while sex

Back 182

is social is biological