Gen Psych Chapters 1&2

Front 1

theory

Back 1

a general principle or set of principles proposed to explain how a number of separate facts are related

Front 2

hypothesis

Back 2

a testable prediction about the conditions under which a particular behavior or mental process may occur

Front 3

replication

Back 3

the process of repeating a study to verify research findings

Front 4

scientific method

Back 4

1. observe and theorize

2. form a hypothesis

3. design a study

4. collect data

5. apply results to hypothesis

Front 5

the goals of psych

Back 5

1. description(identifying & classifying behaviors/mental processes as accurately as possible)

2. explanation(proposing reasons for behaviors and mental processes)

3. prediction(offering hypothesis about how a given condition or set of conditions will affect behaviors/mental processes)

4. influences(using results to solve practical problems)

Front 6

basic research

Back 6

research conducted to seek new knowledge and to explore and advance general scientific understanding)

Front 7

applied research

Back 7

research conducted specifically to solve practical problems and improve the quality of life

Front 8

scientific method definition

Back 8

the orderly, systematic procedures scientists follow in acquiring a body of knowledge

Front 9

William Wundt

Back 9

considered the "father" of psych

est. psych lab at uni of leizpig in germany 1879

used method called introspection...

which involves looking inward to examine one's own conscious experience and then reporting that experience

Front 10

Edward Bradford Titchener

Back 10

took psych to united states

set up psych lab at cornell university

gave the name structuralism to first formal school of thought in psych

Front 11

structuralism

Back 11

the first formal school of thought in psych, aimed at analyzing the basic elements, or structure, of conscious mental experience

Front 12

functionalism

Back 12

an early school of psych that was concerned with how humans and animals use mental processes in adapting to their environment

Front 13

william james

Back 13

advocate of functionalism

taught that mental processes are fluid and have continuity, rather rigid structure

"stream of consciousness"

Front 14

behaviorism

Back 14

the school of psychology that views observable, measurable behavior as the appropriate subject matter for psych and emphasized the key role of environment as a determinant of behavior

Front 15

John B. Watson

Back 15

proposed new approach to psychology called behaviorism. behavior is observable and measurable and therefore objective and scientific

Front 16

B.F. Skinner

Back 16

behaviorism

claimed one can explain behavior by analyzing the consequences that follow the behavior

operant conditioning

Front 17

Sigmund Freud

Back 17

theory of psychoanalysis

insisted that individuals' thoughts, feelings, and behavior are determined by unconscious thought

Front 18

psychoanalysis

Back 18

the term Freud used for both his theory of personality and his theory of personality and his therapy for the treatment of psychological disorders; the unconscious is the primary focus.

Front 19

humanistic psychology

Back 19

the school of psychology that focuses on the uniqueness of human beings and their capacity for choice, growth, and psychological health

Front 20

positive psych

Back 20

the scientific study of psychological characteristics that enable individuals and communities to thrive in the face of adversity

Front 21

cognitive psychology

Back 21

studies mental processes such as memory, problem solving, reasoning, decision making, perception, language, etc.

Front 22

Gestalt psychology

Back 22

individuals perceive objects and patterns as whole units and that the perceived whole is more than the sum of its parts

Front 23

information-processing theory

Back 23

brain processes info in sequential steps

Front 24

evolutionary psych

Back 24

how human behaviors required for survival have adapted in the face of environmental pressures over the long course of evolution

Front 25

7 contemporary psych perspectives

Back 25

1. behavioral perspective- environmental factors

2. psychoanalytic perspective- emotions, unconscious motivations, early childhood experiences

3. humanistic pers.- subjective experiences

4. cognitive pers.- mental processes

5. evolutionary pers.- inherited traits that enhance adaptability

6. bio pers.- biological structure, process, heredity

7. sociocultural pers.-social and cultural variables

Front 26

General Principals of psych ethics

Back 26

beneficence and nonmaleficence(do good, no harm)

fidelity and responsibility (trust/realizing what you represent)

integrity (honesty)

justice (fairness & equality)

respect for people's rights and dignity

(dignity of all people, rights of individuals to privacy, confidentiality)