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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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EEG |
a record of brain-wave activity made by a machine called the electroencephalograph |
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microelectrode |
a small wire used to monitor the electrical activity of or stimulate activity within a single neuron |
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CT scan |
a brain-scanning technique that uses a rotating, computerized X-ray tube to produce cross-sectional images of the structures of the brain |
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MRI |
a diagnostic's scanning technique that produces high-resolution images of the structures of the brain |
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PET scan |
a brain-imaging technique that reveals activity in various parts of the brain, based on patterns of blood flow, oxygen use, and glucose consumption |
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functional MRI |
a brain imaging technique that reveals both brain structure and brain activity more precisely and rapidly than PET. |
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neuron |
a specialized cell that conducts impulses through the nervous system |
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neurotransmitters |
specialized chemicals that facilitate or inhibit the transmission of impulses from one neuron to the next |
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cell body |
the part of a neuron that contains the nucleus and carries out the metabolic functions of the neuron |
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dendrites |
in a neuron, the branch-like extensions of the cell body that receive signals from other neurons |
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axon |
the slender, tail-like extension that transmits singles to the dendrites or cell body of other neurons and to muscles, glands, and other parts of the body |
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axon terminal |
end of the axon where signals move from the axon of one neuron to the dendrites or cell body of another |
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synapse |
the junction where the axon terminal of a sending neuron communicates with a receiving neuron across the synaptic cleft |
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resting potential |
the slight negative electrical potential of the axon membrane of a neuron at rest, about-70 millivolts |
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action potential |
the sudden reversal of the resting potential, which initiates the firing of a neuron |
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major neurotransmitters and their functions |
acetylcholine dopamine norepinephrine epinephrine serotonin glutamate GABA Endorphins |
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peripheral nervous system (PNS) |
the nerves connecting the central nervous system to the rest of the body |
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central nervous system (CNS) |
the part of the nervous system comprising the brain and spinal chord |
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sympathetic nervous system |
the division of the autonomic nervous system that mobilizes the body's resources during stress and emergencies, preparing the body for action |
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parasympathetic nervous system |
the division of the autonomic nervous system that brings the heightened bodily responses back to normal following an emergency |
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spinal cord |
an extension of the brain, from the base of the brain through the neck and spinal column, that transmits messages between the brain and peripheral nervous system |
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hindbrain |
a link between the spinal cord and the brain that contains structures that regulate physiological functions, including heart rate, respiration, and blood pressure |
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medulla |
controls heartbeat, blood pressure, breathing, coughing, and swallowing |
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Broca's aphasisa |
an impairment in the physical ability to produce speech sounds or, in extreme cases, an inability to speak at all, caused by damaged to Broca's area |
