Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
an insoluuble mass(solid,liquid,gaseous) circulating in blood is an?
|
embolus
|
|
|
occlusion or obstruction of a blood vessel by an embolus is an?
|
embolism
|
|
|
origin and type of embolism is?
|
thromboembolism
fat embolism air or gas embolism |
|
|
Thromboembolism is a?
|
fragmented or detached thrombi (98%)
site of embolism depends on origin -pulmonary -systemic embolism |
|
|
Pulmonary embolism derived from thrombi of systemic veins, mainly?
|
deep veins of legs (95%)
|
|
|
Systemic embolism are derived from mural thrombi due to?
|
myocardial infarction
-mitral stenosis and A-fib aortic aneurysm or atheromatous plaque |
|
|
Fat embolism
is the? mechanism is? |
fat globules enter blood after second most frequent type of emboli
- fat globules enter blood after fracture of long bone |
|
|
effect depends on size.
- more than 20? less than 20? |
1. arrest in lung---> dyspnea
2. pass to systemic circulation--> brain: ischemia, necrosis, hemorrhage Skin: hemorrhagic rash, thrombocytopenia |
|
|
Clinical Dx of fat embolism is ?
|
resp distreass, cerebral dysfunction, skin rash 1-3 days after trauma
|
|
|
Air embolism etiology?
|
surgery or trauma to IJV
-during delivery or abortion- air entering ruptured uterus - iatrogenic pneumothorax |
|
|
Gas (nitrogen) embolism
(caison disease, decompression sickness.. |
breathing pressurized air.- more air goes into solution in bl and tissue
rapid decompression to sea level; dissolved gases come out of solution |
|
|
definition of Infarction?
|
area of localized ischemic necrosis produced by occlusion of atrial supply or venous drainage
|
|
|
etiology of infarction includes?
|
atherosclerosis
thrombo-embolic pressure on veins from tumor/mass twisting of vascular pedicle e.g. testis,ovary |
|
|
Morphology of infarcts;
wedge shaped area 1. Necrosis of both.... which leads to ..... |
parenchyma and CT
ischemic coagulative necrosis(all infarcts)- replaced by scar tissue liquefactive necrosis- in CNS |
|
|
Red margin is due to>
|
an acute inflammatory reaction in surrounding tissue
|
|
|
TYPES OF INFARCTS
|
TYPES OF INFARCTS
|
|
|
Pale, white, anemic infarct?
|
arterial obstruction in SOLID ORGANS with poor COLLATERAL CIRCULATION- spleen, heart, kidney, brain
|
|
|
Red, hemorrhagic infarct?
|
OBSTRUCTION OF VENOUS outflow and congestion
-LOOSE organs-lungs -Organs w/ DOUBLE BLOOD SUPPLY- liver lung |
|
|
definition of shock?
|
dec tissue perfusion assoc decrease in effective cardiac ouput
|
|
|
types of shock are?
|
1. cardiogenic-dec cardiac output
2. hypovolemic 3. shock due to peripheral sequestration of blood volume |
|
|
cardiogenic shock is decreased cardiac output due to heart failure assoc with?
|
MI
massive pulmonary embolism cardiac tamponade arrhythmias |
|
|
hypovolemic shock is decreased cardiac output due to decrease blood volume assoc with?
|
hemorhage
fluid loss eg. burn, diarrhea, vomit |
|
|
shock due to peripheral sequestration of blood volume assoc with?
|
endotoxin of grain negative bacteria-septic shock
2. chemical mediators of allergy- anaphylactic 3. anethesia, sp injury- neurogenic shock |
|
|
stages of shock:
Compensation- decreased cardiac output- reflex sympathetic response leads to? |
tachycardia
peripheral vasoconstriction skin is cold and clammy renal arterioles- decreased GFR- decrease urine |
|
|
stage of shock:
impaired tissue perfusion- stage of decompression- prolonged vasoconstriction leads to? |
anaerobic glycolysis-->lactic acidosis---> hypotension, tachycardia, dyspnea
and ultimately tissue necrosis |
|
|
Irreversible stage leads to?
|
failure of peripheral vasoconstriction
|
|
|
high mortality rate with?
|
cardiogenic shock due to existing cardiac disease
septic shock due to difficulty in infection control |
