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73 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Disease associations with Neoplasms
Down Syndrome
ALL
AML
Disease associations with Neoplasms
Xeroderma pigmentosum (defect in nucleotide excision repair results in formation of pyrimidine dimers that can not be replaced)
Melanoma
basal cell carcinoma
squamous cell carcinoma
Disease associations with Neoplasms
Atrophic gastritis, pernicious anemia
post-surgical gastric remnants
Gastric adenocarcinoma
Disease associations with Neoplasms
Tuberous sclerosis (affects brain, heart, lungs, kidneys, eyes and skin...causes hamartomas to develop-->obstructive/space occupying disease)
Astrocytoma
angiomyoipoma
cardiac rhabdomyoma
Disease associations with Neoplasms
Actinic keratosis
squamous cell carcinoma
Disease associations with Neoplasms
Barrett's esophagus
esophageal adenocarcinoma
Disease associations with Neoplasms
Plummer Vinson syndrome
(atrophic glossitis, esophageal webs, anemia b/c of iron def)
squamous cell carcinoma of esophagus
Disease associations with Neoplasms
cirrhosis (alcoholic/hep C/hep B)
HCC
Disease associations with Neoplasms
UC
colonic adeoncarcinoma
Disease associations with Neoplasms
Page's
Secondary osteosarcoma and fibrosarcoma
Cancer predisposition?
Imm. deficient states
Lymphoma
AIDS
Aggressive malignant lymphomas
1) Non-Hodgkin's
2) Kaposis's
Autoimmune disease
Hashimotos'
MG
Benign and malignant lymphomas
Acanthosis nigricans
hyperpigmentation and epidermal thickening
visceral malignancy
stomach, lung, breast and uterus
Dysplastic nevus
Malignant melanoma; dysplastic nevus is NOT melanoma it just means the growth needs to be resected...so says the wise Kramer.
Radiation exposure
Sarcoma
Gain of function--cancer need to damage only 1 allele
Gene: Associated tumor

abl
CML
Gain of function--cancer need to damage only 1 allele
Gene: Associated tumor

c-myc
Burkitt's
Gain of function--cancer need to damage only 1 allele
Gene: Associated tumor

blc-2
Follicular and undifferentiated lymphomas (inhibitis apoptosis)
Gain of function--cancer need to damage only 1 allele
Gene: Associated tumor
erb-B2
Breat, ovarian and gastric carcinomas
Gain of function--cancer need to damage only 1 allele
Gene: Associated tumor

ras
colon carcinoma
Gain of function--cancer need to damage only 1 allele
Gene: Associated tumor

L myc
Lung tumor
Gain of function--cancer need to damage only 1 allele
Gene: Associated tumor

N-myc
Neuroblastoma
Gain of function--cancer need to damage only 1 allele
Gene: Associated tumor

ret
MEN types II na dIII
Gain of function--cancer need to damage only 1 allele
Gene: Associated tumor

cKit
Gastrointestinal stromal tumor
Tumor suppressor genes; loss of function-->both alleles need to be lost for expression of disease
gene: chromosome; tumor

Rb
13q Retinoblastoma/osteosarcoma
Tumor suppressor genes; loss of function-->both alleles need to be lost for expression of disease
gene: chromosome; tumor

BRCA1
17q Breast and ovarian cancer
Tumor suppressor genes; loss of function-->both alleles need to be lost for expression of disease
gene: chromosome; tumor

BRACA2
13q Breast cancer
Tumor suppressor genes; loss of function-->both alleles need to be lost for expression of disease
gene: chromosome; tumor

p53
17p ost human cancers
Li-Fraumeni syndrome
Tumor suppressor genes; loss of function-->both alleles need to be lost for expression of disease
gene: chromosome; tumor

p16
9p Melanoma
Tumor suppressor genes; loss of function-->both alleles need to be lost for expression of disease
gene: chromosome; tumor

APC
5q Colorectal cancer

A Poop Cancer
Tumor suppressor genes; loss of function-->both alleles need to be lost for expression of disease
gene: chromosome; tumor

WT1
11p Wilms tumor
Tumor suppressor genes; loss of function-->both alleles need to be lost for expression of disease
gene: chromosome; tumor

NF1
17q Neurofibromatosis type 1

Neurofibromatosis type 1 - mutation of neurofibromin chromosome 17q11.2. The diagnosis of NF1 is made if any two of the following seven criteria are met:

* Two or more neurofibromas on the skin or under the skin or one plexiform neurofibroma (a large cluster of tumors involving multiple nerves); Neurofibromas are the subcutaneous lumps that are characteristic of the disease and increase in number with age.
* Freckling of the groin or the axilla (arm pit).
* Café au lait spots (pigmented birthmarks). Six or more measuring 5 mm in greatest diameter in prepubertal individuals and over 15 mm in greatest diameter in postpubertal individuals
* Skeletal abnormalities, such as sphenoid dysplasia or thinning of the cortex of the long bones of the body (i.e. bones of the leg, potentially resulting in bowing of the legs)
* Lisch nodules (hamartomas of iris), freckling in the iris.
* Tumors on the optic nerve, also known as an optic glioma
* A first-degree relative with a diagnosis of NF1
Tumor suppressor genes; loss of function-->both alleles need to be lost for expression of disease
gene: chromosome; tumor

NF2
22q Neurofibromatosis type 2
Tumor suppressor genes; loss of function-->both alleles need to be lost for expression of disease
gene: chromosome; tumor

DPC
18q Pancreatic Cancer

DPC (Deleted in pancreatic Cancer)
Tumor suppressor genes; loss of function-->both alleles need to be lost for expression of disease
gene: chromosome; tumor

DCC
18q Colon cancer

DCC (Deleted in Colon Cancer)
Tumor Markers

PSA
Screen for prostate carcinoma
Tumor Markers

prostatic acid phosphatase
Prostate Carcinoma
Tumor Markers

CEA
Carcinoembryonic antigen
1) Colon 70%
2) Pancreatic 70%
3) stomach and breast cancers
Tumor Markers

alpha fetoprotein
hepatocellular carcinomas
nonseminomatous germ cell tumors of the testis (yolk sac tumor)
Tumor Markers
B-hCG
Hydatidiform moles
Choriocarcinoma
Gestational trophoblastic tumors
Tumor Markers

CA-125
Ovarian and malignant epitheltial tumors
Tumor Markers

S100
Melanoma
Neural tumors
astrocytooma

S100 (aStrocytoma and 100 other neural tumors)
Alkaline phosphatase
mets to bone
obstr. biliary disease
paget's disease of bone
Tumor Markers

Bombesin
stimulates gastrin release from G cells. Negative feedback on feeding behavior
Neuroblastoma
lung and gasric cancer
Tumor Markers

TRAP
Tartrate resistant acid phasphatase

Hairy cell leukemia a B cell neoplasm
CA-19-9
Pancreatic adeoncarcinoma
Oncogenic Virus; Associated Cancer

HTLV-1
Adult T cell leukemia
Oncogenic Virus; Associated Cancer
HbV/HCV
HCC
Oncogenic Virus; Associated Cancer
EBV
Burkitt's lymphoma
nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Oncogenic Virus; Associated Cancer
HPV
Cerviacl carcinoma 16,18
penile anal carcinoma
Oncogenic Virus; Associated cancer
HHV8
Kaposii's sarcoma, body cavity fluid B cell lymphoma
Toxin: Affected organ
Aflatoxin
Liver HCC
Toxin: Affected organ
Vinyl chloride
Liver (angiosarcoma)
Toxin: Affected organ
CCl4
Liver (centrilobular necrosis and tatty change)
Toxin: Affected organ
Nitrosamines
Esophagus and stomach
Toxin: Affected organ
Cigs
Lyarn, lung, renal cell carcinoma, transitional cell carcinoma
Toxin: Affected organ

asbsestos
Lung/mesothelioma, bronchogenica carcinoma
Toxin: Affected organ
Arsenic
Skin; squamous cell carcinoma
Toxin: Affected organ
naphthalene
bladder/transitional cell carcinoma
Toxin: Affected organ
Alyklyating agents
Blood (leukemia)
Paraneoplastic effects of tumors
Neoplasm: Hormone change/effect?

small cell lung carcinoma
ACTH or ACTH like peptide-->Cushing's syndrome

can also cause SIADH from ADH expression.
Paraneoplastic effects of tumors
Neoplasm: Hormone change/effect?

small cell lung carcinoma and intracranial neoplasm
ADH-->SIADH
Paraneoplastic effects of tumors
Neoplasm: Hormone change/effect?

Squamous cell lung carcinoma
renal cell carcinoma
breast carcinoma
PTH rleated peptide
TGF Besta, TNF, IL-1

--> Hypercalcemia
Paraneoplastic effects of tumors
Neoplasm: Hormone change/effect?

Renal Cell carcinoma
Hemangioblastoma
Erytrhopoetin-->Polycythmeia (HA, enlarged spleen and liver)
Paraneoplastic effects of tumors
Neoplasm: Hormone change/effect?

Thymoma/small cell lung carcinoma
Antibodies against presynaptic Ca channels at NMJ-->Lambert Eaton Syndrome (muscle weakness) mostly resp. and face muscles
Paraneoplastic effects of tumors
Neoplasm: Hormone change/effect?

Leukemia and lymphoma
Hyperuricemia due to excess nucleic acid turnover (cytotoxic therapy)
-->Gout, urate nephropathy
What histological finding is seen in
1) papillary adenocarcinoma of thyroid
2) Serous papillary cystadenocarcona of ovary
3) meningioma
4) malignant mesothelioma
PSaMMoma body
Papillary(thyroid)
Serous(ovary)
Meningioma
Mesothelioma
Laminated concentric calcific spherules
Lots of Bad Melanocytes Kill Glia...what does this mean?
Mets to brain can be
Lung (lots
Breast (bad)
Skin (melanoma) stuff
Kidney
GI...

typically muliple masses at the grey/white border
Mets to the liver in order from most common to least (5)
Cancer Sometimes Penetrates Benign Liver

Colon>Stomach>Pancreas>Breast>Lung
What are the most common Mets to Bone?
1) prostate*
2) thyroid
3) Testes
4) Breast*
*most common
Lung and Kidney
(Mostly endocrine organs)
Are these bone tumors likely to be blastic or lytic?

Lung
Prostate
Breast
Lung: lytic
Prostate: blastic
Breast: Both lytic and blastic
Cancer epidemiology; put the following in order from most to least common for men and women
Men: colon and rectum, lung, prostate
women; colon and rectum, lung, breast
Men: prostate>lung>colon/rectum
women: Breast>lung>colon/rectum

Mortality
men: lung>prostate
women: lung>breast