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73 Cards in this Set
- Front
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Disease associations with Neoplasms
Down Syndrome |
ALL
AML |
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Disease associations with Neoplasms
Xeroderma pigmentosum (defect in nucleotide excision repair results in formation of pyrimidine dimers that can not be replaced) |
Melanoma
basal cell carcinoma squamous cell carcinoma |
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Disease associations with Neoplasms
Atrophic gastritis, pernicious anemia post-surgical gastric remnants |
Gastric adenocarcinoma
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Disease associations with Neoplasms
Tuberous sclerosis (affects brain, heart, lungs, kidneys, eyes and skin...causes hamartomas to develop-->obstructive/space occupying disease) |
Astrocytoma
angiomyoipoma cardiac rhabdomyoma |
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Disease associations with Neoplasms
Actinic keratosis |
squamous cell carcinoma
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Disease associations with Neoplasms
Barrett's esophagus |
esophageal adenocarcinoma
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Disease associations with Neoplasms
Plummer Vinson syndrome (atrophic glossitis, esophageal webs, anemia b/c of iron def) |
squamous cell carcinoma of esophagus
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Disease associations with Neoplasms
cirrhosis (alcoholic/hep C/hep B) |
HCC
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Disease associations with Neoplasms
UC |
colonic adeoncarcinoma
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Disease associations with Neoplasms
Page's |
Secondary osteosarcoma and fibrosarcoma
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Cancer predisposition?
Imm. deficient states |
Lymphoma
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AIDS
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Aggressive malignant lymphomas
1) Non-Hodgkin's 2) Kaposis's |
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Autoimmune disease
Hashimotos' MG |
Benign and malignant lymphomas
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Acanthosis nigricans
hyperpigmentation and epidermal thickening |
visceral malignancy
stomach, lung, breast and uterus |
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Dysplastic nevus
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Malignant melanoma; dysplastic nevus is NOT melanoma it just means the growth needs to be resected...so says the wise Kramer.
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Radiation exposure
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Sarcoma
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Gain of function--cancer need to damage only 1 allele
Gene: Associated tumor abl |
CML
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Gain of function--cancer need to damage only 1 allele
Gene: Associated tumor c-myc |
Burkitt's
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Gain of function--cancer need to damage only 1 allele
Gene: Associated tumor blc-2 |
Follicular and undifferentiated lymphomas (inhibitis apoptosis)
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Gain of function--cancer need to damage only 1 allele
Gene: Associated tumor erb-B2 |
Breat, ovarian and gastric carcinomas
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Gain of function--cancer need to damage only 1 allele
Gene: Associated tumor ras |
colon carcinoma
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Gain of function--cancer need to damage only 1 allele
Gene: Associated tumor L myc |
Lung tumor
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Gain of function--cancer need to damage only 1 allele
Gene: Associated tumor N-myc |
Neuroblastoma
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Gain of function--cancer need to damage only 1 allele
Gene: Associated tumor ret |
MEN types II na dIII
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Gain of function--cancer need to damage only 1 allele
Gene: Associated tumor cKit |
Gastrointestinal stromal tumor
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Tumor suppressor genes; loss of function-->both alleles need to be lost for expression of disease
gene: chromosome; tumor Rb |
13q Retinoblastoma/osteosarcoma
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Tumor suppressor genes; loss of function-->both alleles need to be lost for expression of disease
gene: chromosome; tumor BRCA1 |
17q Breast and ovarian cancer
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Tumor suppressor genes; loss of function-->both alleles need to be lost for expression of disease
gene: chromosome; tumor BRACA2 |
13q Breast cancer
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Tumor suppressor genes; loss of function-->both alleles need to be lost for expression of disease
gene: chromosome; tumor p53 |
17p ost human cancers
Li-Fraumeni syndrome |
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Tumor suppressor genes; loss of function-->both alleles need to be lost for expression of disease
gene: chromosome; tumor p16 |
9p Melanoma
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Tumor suppressor genes; loss of function-->both alleles need to be lost for expression of disease
gene: chromosome; tumor APC |
5q Colorectal cancer
A Poop Cancer |
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Tumor suppressor genes; loss of function-->both alleles need to be lost for expression of disease
gene: chromosome; tumor WT1 |
11p Wilms tumor
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Tumor suppressor genes; loss of function-->both alleles need to be lost for expression of disease
gene: chromosome; tumor NF1 |
17q Neurofibromatosis type 1
Neurofibromatosis type 1 - mutation of neurofibromin chromosome 17q11.2. The diagnosis of NF1 is made if any two of the following seven criteria are met: * Two or more neurofibromas on the skin or under the skin or one plexiform neurofibroma (a large cluster of tumors involving multiple nerves); Neurofibromas are the subcutaneous lumps that are characteristic of the disease and increase in number with age. * Freckling of the groin or the axilla (arm pit). * Café au lait spots (pigmented birthmarks). Six or more measuring 5 mm in greatest diameter in prepubertal individuals and over 15 mm in greatest diameter in postpubertal individuals * Skeletal abnormalities, such as sphenoid dysplasia or thinning of the cortex of the long bones of the body (i.e. bones of the leg, potentially resulting in bowing of the legs) * Lisch nodules (hamartomas of iris), freckling in the iris. * Tumors on the optic nerve, also known as an optic glioma * A first-degree relative with a diagnosis of NF1 |
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Tumor suppressor genes; loss of function-->both alleles need to be lost for expression of disease
gene: chromosome; tumor NF2 |
22q Neurofibromatosis type 2
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Tumor suppressor genes; loss of function-->both alleles need to be lost for expression of disease
gene: chromosome; tumor DPC |
18q Pancreatic Cancer
DPC (Deleted in pancreatic Cancer) |
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Tumor suppressor genes; loss of function-->both alleles need to be lost for expression of disease
gene: chromosome; tumor DCC |
18q Colon cancer
DCC (Deleted in Colon Cancer) |
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Tumor Markers
PSA |
Screen for prostate carcinoma
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Tumor Markers
prostatic acid phosphatase |
Prostate Carcinoma
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Tumor Markers
CEA |
Carcinoembryonic antigen
1) Colon 70% 2) Pancreatic 70% 3) stomach and breast cancers |
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Tumor Markers
alpha fetoprotein |
hepatocellular carcinomas
nonseminomatous germ cell tumors of the testis (yolk sac tumor) |
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Tumor Markers
B-hCG |
Hydatidiform moles
Choriocarcinoma Gestational trophoblastic tumors |
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Tumor Markers
CA-125 |
Ovarian and malignant epitheltial tumors
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Tumor Markers
S100 |
Melanoma
Neural tumors astrocytooma S100 (aStrocytoma and 100 other neural tumors) |
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Alkaline phosphatase
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mets to bone
obstr. biliary disease paget's disease of bone |
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Tumor Markers
Bombesin stimulates gastrin release from G cells. Negative feedback on feeding behavior |
Neuroblastoma
lung and gasric cancer |
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Tumor Markers
TRAP |
Tartrate resistant acid phasphatase
Hairy cell leukemia a B cell neoplasm |
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CA-19-9
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Pancreatic adeoncarcinoma
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Oncogenic Virus; Associated Cancer
HTLV-1 |
Adult T cell leukemia
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Oncogenic Virus; Associated Cancer
HbV/HCV |
HCC
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Oncogenic Virus; Associated Cancer
EBV |
Burkitt's lymphoma
nasopharyngeal carcinoma |
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Oncogenic Virus; Associated Cancer
HPV |
Cerviacl carcinoma 16,18
penile anal carcinoma |
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Oncogenic Virus; Associated cancer
HHV8 |
Kaposii's sarcoma, body cavity fluid B cell lymphoma
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Toxin: Affected organ
Aflatoxin |
Liver HCC
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Toxin: Affected organ
Vinyl chloride |
Liver (angiosarcoma)
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Toxin: Affected organ
CCl4 |
Liver (centrilobular necrosis and tatty change)
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Toxin: Affected organ
Nitrosamines |
Esophagus and stomach
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Toxin: Affected organ
Cigs |
Lyarn, lung, renal cell carcinoma, transitional cell carcinoma
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Toxin: Affected organ
asbsestos |
Lung/mesothelioma, bronchogenica carcinoma
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Toxin: Affected organ
Arsenic |
Skin; squamous cell carcinoma
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Toxin: Affected organ
naphthalene |
bladder/transitional cell carcinoma
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Toxin: Affected organ
Alyklyating agents |
Blood (leukemia)
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Paraneoplastic effects of tumors
Neoplasm: Hormone change/effect? small cell lung carcinoma |
ACTH or ACTH like peptide-->Cushing's syndrome
can also cause SIADH from ADH expression. |
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Paraneoplastic effects of tumors
Neoplasm: Hormone change/effect? small cell lung carcinoma and intracranial neoplasm |
ADH-->SIADH
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Paraneoplastic effects of tumors
Neoplasm: Hormone change/effect? Squamous cell lung carcinoma renal cell carcinoma breast carcinoma |
PTH rleated peptide
TGF Besta, TNF, IL-1 --> Hypercalcemia |
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Paraneoplastic effects of tumors
Neoplasm: Hormone change/effect? Renal Cell carcinoma Hemangioblastoma |
Erytrhopoetin-->Polycythmeia (HA, enlarged spleen and liver)
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Paraneoplastic effects of tumors
Neoplasm: Hormone change/effect? Thymoma/small cell lung carcinoma |
Antibodies against presynaptic Ca channels at NMJ-->Lambert Eaton Syndrome (muscle weakness) mostly resp. and face muscles
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Paraneoplastic effects of tumors
Neoplasm: Hormone change/effect? Leukemia and lymphoma |
Hyperuricemia due to excess nucleic acid turnover (cytotoxic therapy)
-->Gout, urate nephropathy |
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What histological finding is seen in
1) papillary adenocarcinoma of thyroid 2) Serous papillary cystadenocarcona of ovary 3) meningioma 4) malignant mesothelioma |
PSaMMoma body
Papillary(thyroid) Serous(ovary) Meningioma Mesothelioma Laminated concentric calcific spherules |
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Lots of Bad Melanocytes Kill Glia...what does this mean?
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Mets to brain can be
Lung (lots Breast (bad) Skin (melanoma) stuff Kidney GI... typically muliple masses at the grey/white border |
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Mets to the liver in order from most common to least (5)
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Cancer Sometimes Penetrates Benign Liver
Colon>Stomach>Pancreas>Breast>Lung |
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What are the most common Mets to Bone?
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1) prostate*
2) thyroid 3) Testes 4) Breast* *most common Lung and Kidney (Mostly endocrine organs) |
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Are these bone tumors likely to be blastic or lytic?
Lung Prostate Breast |
Lung: lytic
Prostate: blastic Breast: Both lytic and blastic |
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Cancer epidemiology; put the following in order from most to least common for men and women
Men: colon and rectum, lung, prostate women; colon and rectum, lung, breast |
Men: prostate>lung>colon/rectum
women: Breast>lung>colon/rectum Mortality men: lung>prostate women: lung>breast |