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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
List the causes of Neurodevelopmental Disorders
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1. Deprivation
2. Genetic Disorders 3. Immune Dysfunction 4. Infectous Diseases 5. Metabolic Disorders 6. Nutrition 7. Trauma 8. Toxic and Environmental Factors |
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What is Hospitalism?
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-Most severe form of deprivation
-Results in slowed physical development, disruption of perceptual motor skils, language, wasting or death |
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What is Anaclitic Depression?
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Sublethal behavioral retardation from depression from infants suffering loss of their mothers
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What is RAD? and what are its characteristics?
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Reactive Attachment Disorder -Children who act in disturbed and inappropriate ways socially -inhibited or disinhibited
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Which category of Neurodevelopmental disorders does blindness Dfall under and what is its risks?
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Deprivation.
Risks are poor developmental outcomes, can lead to autistic like behaviours |
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Down Syndrome.
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One of the Genetic disorders, also known as Trisomy 21. Results from extra chromosome 21
Characteristics-short staure, epicanthal folds, abnormal finger and palm prints, heart defects, poor mm tone and mental retardation |
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Fragile X syndrome is also called what? and what does it result from? What are its characteristics?
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Martin Bell syndrome.
Results from expansion of single trinucleotide gene sequence (CGG) on x chromosome Characteristics: elongated face, protruding ears, macroorchidism, flat feet, poor muscle tone, mental retardation. It is most common cause of autism |
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Rett Syndrome is the 3rd Genetic disorder - what is it caused by, characteristics?
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Caused by x (sex) chromosome mutation, exclusive to girls.
Known by small hands/feet, microcephaly, repetitive hand movements, GI disorders and seizures |
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Williams Syndrome - what is it, caused by and characteristics?
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It is a genetic disorder and is caused by deletion of 26 genes from chromosome 7.
Characterized by ELFIN facial appearnnce, cheerful demeanor, ease with strangers, developmental delay, hypercalcemia, and cardiovascular problems |
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What are the 2 Immune Dysfunction disorders? what is their basic classification defn?
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1. PANDAS
2. Sydenham's chorea They are immune reactions against infections during pregnancy - either child or mother can produce autoimmue reactions against brain tissue, causing neurodevelopmental disorders |
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Anterior Pituitary Gland - Adenohypophysis secretes hormones including? (7)
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GROWTH HORMONE (GH), ACTH, TSH, PRL, LH/FSH, Endorphin, MSH
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Pituitary Hypofunction
What is Pituitary Dwarfism? |
It is a GH deficiency, and it treated by GH replacement therapy. Growth failure in infants leads to a lean body, poor bone density in adults
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What is Sheehans Syndrome?
Also called Acute Post Partum Pituitary Insufficiency |
Sheehan syndrome aka Simmonds' syndrome or Acute Postpartun=m Insufficiency - hypopituitarism caused by necrosis due to blood loss and hypovolemic shock during and after childbirth. Pituitary damage unrelated to pregnancy is called Simmonds' disease.
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What are symptoms of Acute Post Partum Pituitary Insufficiency?
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AGALCTORRHEA, AMENORRHEA, fatigue, intolerance to cold, constipation, weight gain, hair loss, BRADYCARDIA and hypotension
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Defn Agalactorrrhea
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Is the absence/faulty secretion of breast milk following child birth
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Defn Bradycardia
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Slow heart rate - beating too slow
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Pituitary Hyperfunction p.3
What is Somatotropic Adenoma? |
It is a benign tumor that grows slowly increasing ICP, and producing GH causing acromegaly [too much GH]. Typically diagnosed in 50s. If occurs in childhood, leads to pituitary gigantism
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What is the other name for Chronic Panhypopituitarism and what is it?
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It is called SIMMONDS DISEASE and is the decreased secretion of most pituitary hormones with various s/s due to tumors/trauma
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Pituitary Hyperfunction - what is Somatotrophic Adenoma?
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It is a benign tumor that grows slowly increasing ICP, producing GH = acromegaly. Typically diagnosed in 50s, if occuring in childhood leads to pituitary gigantism
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Thyroid Gland - What two hormones does it produce?
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Triiodothyroine (T3) and Thyroxine (T4) synthesized from IODINE and tyrosine, as well as calcium
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Hypothyrodism - What is the other name for Thyroiditis?
What is it? |
Hashimotos Disease - Inflammation of the thyroid: causing fatigue, WEIGHT GAIN, depression, dry skin and constipation
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Hypothyroidism - Iodine Deficiency - What is it?
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Iodine Deficiency is low amount of thyroxine in the blood due to lack of dietary iodine to make it. Increases producion of TSH - goiter
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Hyperthyroidism - What is Graves Disease?
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Diffuse toxic goiter common in women, caused by autoantibodies to TSH recepter that stimulate thyroid hormone synthesis/secretion/growth - no cure but HRT, autoimmune condition appears suddenly in late life. Symptoms: exopthalmus, goiter, sweating, heat intolerance, weight loss
EXOPTHALMUS-abnormal bulging of the eyeball |
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Thyroid Tumors - Benign
T or F? Is an Adenoma |
True
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Adrenal Glands - Sits on top of the kidney, responsible for releasing hormones in conjunction with stress. Cortex and Medulla hormones - what are they?
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Cortex: CORTISOL, ALDOSTERONE, and ANDROGENS
Medulla, NORE(NORAADRENALINE)/EPINEPHRINE (ADRENALINE) |
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Acute/Chronic Adrenal Insufficiency is also known as what?
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ADDISON's Disease
- Deficient in production of cortisol and aldosterone=craving salt due to urinary loss of Na - progresses to severe abdominal pains, diarrhea, vomiting, depression - typically called WATERHOUSE-FRIDERICHSEN SYNDROME, sudden withdrawal of long term corticosteroid therapy |
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What is the Tx fro Acute Chronic Adrenal Insufficiency?
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Drug Therapy - HYDROCORTISONE, prednisone
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Adrenal Hyperfunction - Hyperaldosteronism (Conns Syndrome)
What is it? |
Idiopathic overproduction of aldosterone by adrenal cortex, causing hypernatremia, hypokalemia = secondary hypertension. Typically CAUSED BY ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA OR CARCINOMA
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