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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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the deadly quartet
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obese
diabetic smoke HTN |
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what is a surrgate marker for type 2 diabetes
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weight
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how does exercise help insulin sensitivity
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brings glut 4 receptors to the surface
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what does preganancy do to insulin resistance
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increase it
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diabetics have the highest likelihood of having what
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MI
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what is insulin needed for in diabetics
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to prevent triglyceride breakdown
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normal fasting glucose
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<110
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fasting glucose with impaired glucose tolerance
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FPG>110 and <126
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fasting glucose in diabetics
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>126
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big babies =
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insulin resistance
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diabetic oral agent that is preferred
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glucophage and metformin
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oral hypoglycemic=
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sulfonurea
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what are the ABC of diabetes
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A1c
BP Cholesterol |
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what should A1c be
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<7 and >6.5
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What should BP be
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<130 and <85
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what should cholesterol be
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<100
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oral hypoglycemic drugs
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old drugs
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how do sulfonylureas lower blood sugar
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by squeezing the pancreas and producing more insulin
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how does metformin lower blood sugar
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by increasing insulin sensitivity
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what is concern with combining glucophage and sulfonylureas
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could bottom out blood sugar
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what do you want to be careful about with patients on glucophage with renal insufficiency
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die studies
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what are your options if you need to preform a die study on a patient on glucophage with renal insufficiency
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take them off glucophage
hydrate the patient |
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what is one problem with thiazolidenediones
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could cause heart failure due to volume overload
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what things should we be teaching our diabetics
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symptoms of hypoglycemia
meal schedule foot care home glucose monitoring A1c benefit of tight control |
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what was primary endpoint of DCCT trial
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retinopathy
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what is better lowering blood pressure or lowering blood sugar
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lowering blood pressure
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who was studied in DCCT
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type 1
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who was studied in UKPD
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type 2
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what is the pathogenesis in ketoacidosis
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TG to FFA to KB which lower pH
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what hormones are ketogenic
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glucagon, cortisol, growth hormone, catecholamines
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what is clinical presentation of diabetic crisis
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nausea and vomiting
hyperventilation dehydration, abdominal pain SIADH in kids |
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what things precipitate DKA
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infection
pregnancy MI stopping insulin |
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what things should be evaluated in DKA
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blood sugar, arterial blood gases, electrolytes
EKG blood ketones |
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which electrolytes are you looking at
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K, BUN, Cr, CBC
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what should be done to prevent hypoglycemia
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give D5W when blood sugar reaches 259
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when do you start subq insulin
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when patient can eat
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when do you give bicarb
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only if pH is <7.2 with hypotension
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what is profile of hyperosmolar coma
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elderly diabetic
extremely dehydration high BS acidosis |
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what should you evaluate with a coma or altered mental status in elderly
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hyperosmolar coma
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what should you give a person in hyperosmolar coma
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fluids
insulin |
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what is mortality in hyperosmolar comma
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30%
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leading cause of death in type 1 diabetics
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renal failure
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25% of diabetics had this at autopsy
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nodular glomerulosclerosis
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what are the types of proteinuria
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macro and micro
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proteinuria is a sign for what
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that we are progressing to end stage disease
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way to estimate GFR
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cockcroft gault equation
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what do you want for CrCl in diabetic patients
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>80
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what is leading cause of death in type 2
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cardiovascular complications
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