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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How can the rate determining step of a proposed mechanism be determined from the rate law?
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The RDS must include all reactants included in the rate law.
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Classify the following reaction type:
H+ + OH- --> H2O Why might you think otherwise? |
Neutralization. Might think that it's not because it doesn't result in formation of a salt, but it's still an acid reacting with a base.
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What is the difference between electron affinity and ionization energy?
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Electron affinity is the energy released when an electron is added to an atom.
Ionization energy is the energy required to remove an electron from an atom. |
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What is the heat of formation of a pure element?
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0
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What is the reaction quotient for:
aA + bB <--> cC + dD What would be excluded from the reaction quotient? What's the difference between the reaction quotient and Keq? What are the units of Q? |
Q = ([C]^c*[D]^d)/([A]^a*[B]^b)
The reaction quotient only includes aqueous and gaseous substances (not solids or liquids). Keq is a specific Q; it is Q at equilibrium. Q is in units of molarity (M): mol solute/L solution |
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Express change in free energy in terms of Q/Keq and Keq.
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deltaG=RTln(Q/Keq)
deltaG=-RTln(Keq) |
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The natural log of a fraction results in what kind of number? What about common log?
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Negative.
Same for common log. |
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Rewrite:
loga(x)=y |
a^y=x
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Rewrite and solve for x (two different ways):
loge(x) |
lnx
lne^x=x e^lnx=x |
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What quantity can you infer from molar solubility?
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The concentration of the ion is equal to the molar solubility of it.
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Convert 1 Cal into Joules
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1 Cal = 4.184 J
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How is the phase diagram of water different than the phase diagram of most substances?
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For water, an increase in pressure would tend to form a solid rather than a liquid; thus, there is a negative slope in the line dividing solids and liquids and opposed to a positive slope.
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What is the equation for determining boiling point elevation? Freezing point depression?
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deltaTbp=Kb*m*i
Where i = number of ions compound dissociates into. Switch kb for kf. |
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What is the equation for determining vapor pressure depression?
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Pa=Xa*Paº
Where Paº is vapor pressure of a at standard conditions. |
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Do catalysts affect the rate of reaction? If so, how?
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Yes, by decreasing the activation energy of the reaction.
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What effect does the quantity of reactants have on rate?
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None, only concentration matters.
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Determine relationships for:
E=-h E=-1/h |
For E=-h: E is inversely proportional to h
For E=-1/h: E is directly proportional to h |
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List all four quantum numbers, their symbols, their definitions, and any equations/values associated with them.
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n: Principle, designates shell. 2n^2 = # electrons per shell (max)
l: Azimuthal/Angular Momentum, represents subshell (s,p,d,f); 4l+2 = number electrons in a subshell (max) m(l): magnetic, described orientation of subshell (x,y,z); values of -l to l ms: spin, gives spin of electron; +/- 1/2 |
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What is the difference between a mass number and an atomic number? Where are they found when written next to an elemental symbol?
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Mass number = number of protons and neutrons
Atomic number = number of protons Atomic is on bottom left, mass is on top left |
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Which atoms strictly adhere to the octet rule?
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F, O, N, C
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