Gen Bio Ii Exam 4 Part 1

Front 1

age of earth

Back 1

4.6 billion years

Front 2

age of oldest fossil

Back 2

3.5 billion years

Front 3

miller and urey experiment

Back 3

1953, got small molecules and electricity in the absence of O2. But no life.

Front 4

a group of related organisms that are similar; interbreeding and fertile offspring

Back 4

species

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species members that encounter one another

Back 5

population

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"nothing in biology makes sense except in the light of evolution"

Back 6

Theodosius Dobzhansky

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catastrophism

Back 7

explained the fossil record

Front 8

explained geology

Back 8

unifromitarianism

Front 9

four requirements of natural selection

Back 9

individual variation, inheritance, overproduction, differential reproduction

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allows population to survive/reproduce better

Back 10

adaptation

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evidence in support of evolution

Back 11

fossil record, biogeography, convergent evolution, selective breeding, homologies

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3 types of homologies

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anatomical, molecular, developmental

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Trails, footprints, burrows, droppings

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trace fossils

Front 14

represent evolutionary links, transitional series

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transitional fossils

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relative to other fossils and strata

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relative dating method

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radioactive dating techniques with carbon 14

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absolute dating method

Front 17

arriving at the same solution separately; no common ancestor

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analogous structures

Front 18

similarities due to descent form a common ancestor; descent with modification

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homologous structures

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anatomical structures fully functional in one group and reduced or nonfunctional in another group

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vestigial structures

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evolutionary history of a kind of organism

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phylogeny

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group of organisms (species) whose members share homologous features derived from a common ancestor

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clade

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hardy-weinberg equilibrium

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no mutation, natural selction, genetic drift, gene flow, and mating is random

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all genes in a population

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gene pool

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different forms of same gene

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allele

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2+ alleles in a population

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polymorphism

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a single allele

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monomorphic gene

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% of each allele in a gene pool

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allele frequency

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% homozygous and % heterzygous

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genotype frequency

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% displaying trait

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phenotypic frequency

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small change in a short time

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microevolution

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large changes over long time

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macroevolution

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preserves average phenotype

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stabilizing selection

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favors individuals that favor in one direction

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directional selection

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favors individuals that vary in opposite directions

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disruptive selection

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keeps two traits in a population

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balancing selection

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population reduced drastically; new population has fewer alleles

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bottleneck effect

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small group colonizes in new location. arriving population has fewer alleles

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founder effect

Front 38

what is the source of new genetic info?

Back 38

migration