Gen Bio 2Nd Quarter

Front 1

Strips an Electron (NADPH -> NADP+)

Back 1

Oxidation

Front 2

Adds an Electron (NADP+ -> NADPH)

Back 2

Reduction

Front 3

A compound that reduces another is called a ____________

Back 3

reducing agent

Front 4

A compound that oxidizes another is called ____________

Back 4

oxidizing agent

Front 5

ATP Stands for?

Back 5

Adenosine Triphosphate

Front 6

Excess free energy, Increase of cell heat, Excessive thermal motion, Damage and destroy the cell

Back 6

ATP

Front 7

often called the energy currency of the cell; used to fill any energy need of the cell

Back 7

ATP: Adenosine Triphosphate

Front 8

Most of the energy that drives metabolism is supplied by?

Back 8

ATP

Front 9

When this is broken down, energy is released

- Its terminal (Gamma) phosphate group is removed

Back 9

ATP

Front 10

Excess energy not used by the cell will be transformed into?

Back 10

Heat Energy

Front 11

Adenosine bound to 3 Phosphate Groups:

Back 11

Nitrogenous Base, Ribose, Sugar, and a Phosphate Group (3 - Alpha, Beta, Gamma)

Front 12

A nucleotide that is the major energy source of the cell

Back 12

ADP

Front 13

ADP Stands for?

Back 13

Adenosine Diphosphate

Front 14

A nucleotide: Adenine, Ribose Sugar, and Phosphate Groups (2)

Back 14

ADP: Adenosine Diphosphate

Front 15

ATP Works by?

Back 15

- Food is broken down to produce ATP: Cellular Respiration

- ATP will react with water inside the cell: Hydrolysis

Front 16

When a Cell Requires more energy it requires more ________

Back 16

ATP: Adenosine Triphosphate

Front 17

Cell regenerates ATP by adding an inorganic phosphate group (Pi) to ______

Back 17

ADP

Front 18

Hydrolysis of ATP

Back 18

- Broken Bond (Phosphate Groups)

- Releases one Pi

- Exergonic

- Releases Energy

- ATPase Involved

Front 19

Phosphorylation of ADP

Back 19

- Formed bond (Phosphate groups)

- Adds one Pi

- Endergonic

- Absorbs energy

- ATP Synthase involved

Front 20

Study of the transformation of energy in living organisms

Back 20

Bioenergetics

Front 21

Motion: Heat & Light Energy, Photosynthesis (Chloroplast)

Back 21

Kinetic Energy

Front 22

Position (Rest): In chemical bonds, Cellular Respiration (Mitochondria)

Back 22

Potential Energy

Front 23

Requires a net input of energy

Back 23

Endergonic Reaction

Front 24

Releases Energy (Reaction)

Back 24

Exergonic Reaction

Front 25

Photosynthesis falls under what energy reaction?

Back 25

Endergonic Reaction

Front 26

Cellular Respiration falls under what energy reaction?

Back 26

Exergonic Reaction

Front 27

an Energy Reaction with Anabolic Process

Back 27

Endergonic Reaction

Front 28

Phosphorylation of ADP Falls under what energy reaction?

Back 28

Endergonic Reaction

Front 29

An energy reaction that is a Catabolic Process

Back 29

Exergonic Reaction

Front 30

Hydrolysis of ATP Falls under what energy reaction?

Back 30

Exergonic Reaction

Front 31

Process were the body changes food and drink to energy

Back 31

Metabolism

Front 32

X + Y -> XY

Back 32

Anabolism (Anabolic)

Front 33

A -> B+C

Back 33

Catabolism (Catabolic)

Front 34

Small molecules to Large Molecules

Back 34

Anabolism

Front 35

Large molecules to small molecules

Back 35

Catabolism

Front 36

Consumes energy to build complicated molecules from simple compounds

Back 36

Anabolism

Front 37

Releases energy by breaking down complex molecules to simple compounds

Back 37

Catabolic

Front 38

These pathways intersect in such a way that energy released from catabolic can be used to drive anabolic. (By ATP)

Back 38

Energy Coupling

Front 39

A reaction that uses energy from an exergonic reaction to filed an endergonic reaction

Back 39

Coupled Reaction

Front 40

The exergonic hydrolysis of ATP is coupled with the exergonic dehydration process: transferring a phosphate group to another molecule

Back 40

Coupled Reaction

Front 41

Chemical Compounds that reflect only certain wavelengths of visible light

Back 41

Pigments

Front 42

Found only in Algal and Plant Cells

Back 42

Chlorophyll

Front 43

Between the two membranes of the chloroplast envelope (double membrane)

Back 43

Intermembrane Space

Front 44

Semi-Fluid material that contains dissolved enzymes; Light Independent Reaction

Back 44

Stroma

Front 45

Flat sac disk-like structures suspended in the stroma

Back 45

Thylakoid

Front 46

A stack of thylakoids

Back 46

Granum

Front 47

Operates light depended reactions

Back 47

Thylakoids

Front 48

Thin membranous folds

Back 48

Lamellae

Front 49

Aqueous space in each thylakoid, connects grana together

Back 49

Lumen

Front 50

Red

Back 50

Anthocyanins

Front 51

Orange

Back 51

Carotenoids

Front 52

Yellow

Back 52

Xanthophyll

Front 53

Green

Back 53

Chlorophyll

Front 54

Causes the green colors in plants

Back 54

Chlorophyll

Front 55

Largest peak in the red regions of the spectrum

Back 55

Chlorophyll A

Front 56

Greater quantity in plants (Chlorophyll)

Back 56

Chlorophyll A

Front 57

Largest peak in blue region of the spectrum

Back 57

Chlorophyll B

Front 58

Absorbs light in a wider range of the visible light spectrum

Back 58

Chlorophyll B

Front 59

Plants that live in low light tends to have more _______.

Back 59

Chlorophyll B

Front 60

Xanthophyll falls under this pigment

Back 60

Carotenoids

Front 61

Causes the yellow, orange, and red colors in plants

Back 61

Carotenoids

Front 62

Autumn leaves appear red and yellow because ________ are revealed. Chlorophyll breaks down in response to less sunlight

Back 62

Carotenoids

Front 63

Absorb light at wavelengths from 400 to 600 MM (UV to Blue and Green)

Back 63

Carotenoids

Front 64

This pigment is found in cell vacuoles

Back 64

Anthocyanin

Front 65

Anthocyanin falls under what pigment?

Back 65

Flavonoids

Front 66

Absorb light at wavelength from 250 to 500 NN (UV to Blue and Green)

Back 66

Flavonoids

Front 67

Blue and Violet

Back 67

Flavonoids

Front 68

Leaves change color in response to __________ and __________.

Back 68

Shorter days and Lower Temperature

Front 69

The process through which light energy is converted into chemical energy stored in sugar and other molecules

Back 69

Photosynthesis

Front 70

Opposite of Cellular Respiration

Back 70

Photosynthesis

Front 71

The ultimate energy source of plants

Back 71

Sun

Front 72

The main site of chloroplast

Back 72

Leaf

Front 73

Temperate plants with no special mods

Back 73

C3 Plants

Front 74

Hot weather plants with separate fixation & calvin cycle

Back 74

C4 Plants

Front 75

Desert Plants
Night: Gas Exchange
Day: Photosynthesis

Back 75

CAM Plants

Front 76

Most plants are ___ like Rice and Cannabis

Back 76

C3

Front 77

Corn and Sugarcane are examples of ____ Plants

Back 77

C4

Front 78

Cacti and Pineapples are examples of _____ Plants

Back 78

CAM

Front 79

Key cells of these plants are Palisade Mesophyll

Back 79

C3 and CAM Plants

Front 80

Key cells of these plants are Palisade Mesophyll and Bundle Sheath

Back 80

C4 Plants

Front 81

The ideal temperature for C3 Plants is?

Back 81

20-30 Degrees Celcius (65-85 Fahrenheit)

Front 82

The ideal temperature for C4 Plants is?

Back 82

30-40 Degrees Celcius (85-105 Fahrenheit)

Front 83

CAM Plants' ideal temperature for the night is?

Back 83

10-15 Degrees Celcius (50-60 Fahrenheit)

Front 84

CAM Plants' ideal temperature for the day is?

Back 84

30-40 Degrees Celcius (85-105 Fahrenheit)

Front 85

Uses Chlorophyll A as the primary photoreceptor

Back 85

PSI (PS700)

Front 86

Used Chlorophyll A and B

Back 86

PSII (PS680)

Front 87

Splitting of water releases oxygen

Back 87

Photolysis