Gen Anesthetics

Front 1

Mechanism of Action
of
General Anesthesia

Back 1

Promote hyperpolarization of neurons
Affect both inhibitory (GABA) or excitatory (Glutamate) NT function

Front 2

Generally describe the Stages of Anesthesia

Back 2

1. Analgesia
2. Delirium
3. Surgical Anesthesia
4. Medullary depression (respiratory & CV depression)

Front 3

Blood:Air partition coefficient
- meaning
- what does a low coefficient mean?

Back 3

Solubility of drug in blood.

Lower coefficient = Rapid onset of action & short duration of action.

Front 4

Minimum Alveolar Concentration (MAC)

Back 4

ED 50 of inhaled general anesthetics.

Amount that will render 50% unresponsive to incision (stimulus)

Expression of potency

Front 5

Midazolam

Back 5

Benzodiazepine - anxiolytic.
often used pre-surgical / adjunctive to surgical general anesthesia

Front 6

Uses of Nitrous Oxide (N2O)

Back 6

Gas.

Use:
Carrier gas to increase uptake of gases.
Alone used in dental or dermatology procedures for anxiolytic.

Front 7

Advantages & Disadvantages
of
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)

Back 7

Advantages:
Good analgesia, Safe & rapid on/off.

Disadvantages:
Lack of potency
potential hypoxia (diffuses out & displaces O2)
Increases TPResistance
Inc risk of miscarriage

Front 8

C/I of use of Nitrous Oxide (N2O)

Back 8

Pneumothorax (collapsed lung)

Bowel Obstruction

(exchanges w/ N in air-filled body cavities to Inc volume or pressure)

Front 9

Halothane

Back 9

Volatile Liquids

Some muscle relaxation & reduced blood pressure

Adv. Effects:
- sensitizes myocardium to Catecholamines (arrhythmiogenic)
- Fatal hepatotoxicity
- may induce malignant hyperthermia.

Front 10

Dantrolene

Back 10

Treatment for malignant hyperthermia (along with reduction of inducing agent)

Front 11

Isoflurane

Back 11

Volatile Liquid general anesthesia.

Good muscle relazation

May increase intracranial pressure
C/I in head trauma/injury.

Front 12

Thiopental
- class
- MoA
- Uses
- Adv Eff

Back 12

IV anesthetic, ultra-short-acting barbituate

MoA: Promotes Cl- channel opening (hyperpolarization)

Uses: Induction of anesthesia.
(Reduces cerebral metabolism & blood flow)

Adv. Eff: Respiratory Depression, Laryngospasm, (hyperalgesia)

Front 13

Methohexital
- class
- MoA
- Uses
- Adv Eff

Back 13

IV anesthetic, ultra-short-acting barbituate

MoA: Promotes Cl- channel opening (hyperpolarization)

Uses: Induction of anesthesia.
(Reduces cerebral metabolism & blood flow)

Adv. Eff: Respiratory Depression, Laryngospasm, (hyperalgesia)

Front 14

What is Propofol used for?

Back 14

Rapid IV general anesthetic
&
anti-emetic

Front 15

Ketamine
- class
- MoA
- Uses
- Adv Eff

Back 15

IV general anesthetic. Dissociateve amnesia (analgesia + amnesia)

MoA: antagonist at NMDA glutamate receptor

Used in minor procedures (debridement, etc)

Adv Eff: psych effects - Hallucinations.

Front 16

Etomidate
- use
- advantages
- adverse effects

Back 16

IV general anesthesia Induction

+'s: less cardiopulumonary eff than barbituates.

Adv Eff: irritation, Myoclonic movements.