G&d One

Front 1

the face develops primarily during _____ weeks gestation

Back 1

5th-7th week

Front 2

2 components of facial prominences

Back 2

neural crest derived mesenchymal core (ectomesenchyme core) and surface ectoderm

Front 3

when does organogenesis occur

Back 3

week 4

Front 4

ectodermal thickenings that differentiate into sensory epithelium and sensory ganglia

Back 4

placodes (auditory)

Front 5

cells that don't reside in placode epithelium, but in underlying neuroepithelium

Back 5

auditory and optical vesicles

Front 6

7 neural crest structures

Back 6

connective tissues
facial bones
cranial base
meckel's cartilage
TMJ
nasal capsular cartilages
dentine

Front 7

weeks when processes/arches become visible

Back 7

4-5 weeks

Front 8

weeks when processes/arches approach and fuse to create the face

Back 8

6-8 weeks gestation

Front 9

junction of the nasomedial, nasolateral and maxillary processes

Back 9

nasal fin

Front 10

this groove allows tears from eye to drain into nose

Back 10

nasolacrimal groove

Front 11

gives appearance that body parts are "migrating"

Back 11

differential growth aka that part is growing faster than other areas around it

Front 12

other name for cranial vault

cranial base?

Back 12

desmocranium (vault)

chondrocranium (base

Front 13

oldest component of the craniofacial skeleton

Back 13

neurocranium

Front 14

skeletal components of the chondrocranium and how it grows

Back 14

base- TOES- basioccipital, sphenoid, ethmoid, ptrous portion of temporal

endochondral bone growth

Front 15

3 embryonic periods and lengths

Back 15

cleavage: 2 weeks
embryonic period: 3-8 weeks
fetal period: 4-9 months

Front 16

3 layers of ectomenix

when is it developed?

Back 16

outer --> scalp
middle --> bone
inner --> menengial layer

5-6 weeks covers the brain NO bone at this time

Front 17

1st elements of chondrocranium that become differentiated into cartilage

Back 17

initial blastemas

Front 18

initial blastemas of chondrocranium join to form _____

Back 18

the basal plate

Front 19

skeletal components of desmocranium

what growth occurs here?

Back 19

SOFTP (cranial vault)
sphenoid (greater wing)
occipital (squamous)
frontal
temporal (squamous)
parietal

intramembranous bone growth

Front 20

arise in specific areas of ectomenix and radiate out

Back 20

blastemas

Front 21

form the junctions of adjacent bones in the desmocranium and examples?

Back 21

- sutures (specializations of periosteum)
- sagittal, coronal, squamous, lambdoidal, metopic

Front 22

fontanelles we're born with

Back 22

anterior, mastoid, sphenoidal

Front 23

when branchial (pharyngeal) arches arise

Back 23

4-5 weeks

Front 24

1st arch (maxillary)
- artery
- CN
- muscle examples
- skeletal derivatives

Back 24

- maxillary artery
- trigeminal V
- mastication muscles, mylohyoid, ant. digastric, tensor tympani
- MECKELS cartilage, melleus, incus, tympanic ring

Front 25

2nd arch (hyoid)
- artery
- CN
- muscle examples
- skeletal derivatives

Back 25

- hyoid, stapedial arteries
- facial VII
- mm facial expression, post. digastric
- stapes, styloid process, lesser horn of hyoid, part of hyoid body

Front 26

created by pharyngeal pouch of both 1st and 2nd arch

Back 26

middle ear, auditory tube

Front 27

created by pharyngeal groove of both 1st and 2nd arch

Back 27

external ear/ meatus

Front 28

membrane that breaks down to form the oral cavity

what's it made of?

Back 28

buccopharyngeal membrane

where endoderm of ailmentary canal meets outer ectoderm and mesoderm

Front 29

components of the palate

Back 29

primary palate- nasomedial process
secondary palate- 2 lateral palatine processes of maxilla

Front 30

what is the primary palate

Back 30

intermaxillary segment from merging of medionasal processes

Front 31

3 components of primary palate

Back 31

- contains mx incisors
- supported by nasal septum
- gives rise to premaxilla (once ossified)

Front 32

head flexure occurs at ___ weeks and allows for what?

Back 32

6 weeks
tongue to get out of the way of lateral palatal shelves so they can rotate medially and join

Front 33

why do the palatal shelves flip up immediately after the tongue gets out of the way?

Back 33

hydrualic properties of its ECM allows it to absorb water and spring up

Front 34

"migration of mx processes" occurs at _____

palatine shelves are vertical beside tongue at _____

palatine shelves elevate at ______

palatine shelves fuse anteriorly and merge posteriorly at _____

Back 34

5-6 weeks

6 1/2

7 1/2

10 weeks

Front 35

the mandible forms from ___ distinct blastemas and create these parts of the mandible

Back 35

corpus- main body and base of teeth
mandibular condyle (secondary cartilage)

Front 36

parts of mandible that arise due to muscle function

Back 36

coronoid and angular process

Front 37

skeletal elements that form from meckel's cartilage

Back 37

malleus and incus NOT mandible!

Front 38

development of TMJ occurs when

Back 38

8-12 weeks gestation

Front 39

cranio-facial critical weeks

Back 39

4-10

Front 40

coronoid is affected by pull of ______

angular process pulled by ______

Back 40

temporalis

muscles of mastication (masseter etc)

Front 41

disease caused by defect in neural crest cell migration to face

Back 41

treacher collins (mandibulofacial dysostosis)

Front 42

1st/2nd arch syndrome

Back 42

hemifacial microsomia

Front 43

this artery that supplies the face degenerates at ____ weeks and switches to this artery

failure of this causes what?

Back 43

stapedial (from internal carotid)

7 weeks

maxillary artery (from ext. carotid)

hemifacial microsomia (if hematoma is formed that blocks migration of neural crest cells)

Front 44

when frontonasal interferes with migration of maxillary processes

Back 44

frontonasal dysplasia (nostrils don't meet, eyes wide apart)

Front 45

caused by premature fusion of coronal suture

Back 45

synestosis syndromes: aperts and crouson's- leading to inadequate growth of maxilla,

Front 46

represents adaptive response to environmental stress

Back 46

variation- differences among individuals

Front 47

developmental scale on primary teeth indicating a sensitive period

Back 47

neonatal line (can see when stress occurred from staining at neonatal line from tetracycline)

Front 48

ECM growth

increase in cell number

increase in cell size

Back 48

accretion

hyperplasia (multiplicitave)

hypertrophy (dimensional)

Front 49

order of tooth emergence

Back 49

central, lateral incisor, 1st molar, canine, 2nd molar

Front 50

age of menarche happens ____ years after PHV

Back 50

1 year after

Front 51

most mature part of craniofacial and least mature

Back 51

width most mature

height least mature

Front 52

5 indicators of adolescence

Back 52

-growth spurt
- gonads
- secondary sex characteristics
- body composition changes (fat vs muscle/bone)
- physiological changes

Front 53

late events in male adolescents

Back 53

voice breaking and axillary hair --> facial hair even later

Front 54

adolescent physiological changes where girls have higher stats

Back 54

heart rate and body temperature

Front 55

adult means you grow less than ___ a year

Back 55

1 cm

Front 56

best prediction of adult height

Back 56

child's size + mid-parental size + bone age

Front 57

height difference between male and female adults

Back 57

13-15 cm (due to 2 extra years childhood growth in males)

3-5 due to more rapid rate of male spurt

Front 58

allen's rule

Back 58

cold temps = shorter legs and other appendages than equivalent animals in hotter climates

Front 59

changes over time

Back 59

secular trend

Front 60

forms the bilayer germ disk

at how old gestational?

Back 60

epiblast and hypoblast

2 weeks, 2 cell layers!!

Front 61

germ disk growth invagination process continues until ________

Back 61

the 4th week

Front 62

released by the notochord to stimulate neural plate to fold formation

Back 62

sonic hedge hog

Front 63

hox genes are expressed in a ________ direction

Back 63

3' ---> 5'

Front 64

non-permissive factors for neural crest migration

Back 64

chondroitin sulfate-rich proteoglycans

Front 65

glands from the ectoderm:

glands from the endoderm:

Back 65

mammary, pitutary, parotid

submandibular, sublingual salivary glands

Front 66

mesoderm derivatives
- paraxial
- intermediate
- lateral plate

Back 66

paraxial --> somitomeres --> somites

int --> nephrotomes --> urinary

lateral plate --> somatic and splanchnic mesoderm form intraembryonic coelomic cavity

Front 67

2 parts of the intraembryonic coelomic cavity

Back 67

visceral (splanchnic)- forms wall of gut that lines the cavities

somatic (parietal)- forms body wall with overlying ectoderm

Front 68

skull that isn't neural crest cell derived is from _____

Back 68

mesoderm

Front 69

3 components of growth reference data

Back 69

- population specific
- representative
- large sample sizes to estimate extreme percentiles

Front 70

2 types of skeletal growth and difference

Back 70

interstitial (cartilage --> bone)
appositional (growth on surface)

Front 71

patients susceptibiliy to adverse environmental events is directly related to __________

Back 71

their maturational state

Front 72

3 measures of somatic growth

Back 72

height age
age of critical events (ex. PHV)
percentage of adult size

Front 73

when the blastocyst hatches from the zona pellucida

Back 73

4 days

Front 74

when the embryo implants into the uterus

Back 74

by day 6

Front 75

week germ disk growth occurs

Back 75

3rd week

Front 76

when brain vesicles form

Back 76

4th week

Front 77

3 brain vesicle divisions and when/what they mature into

Back 77

prosencephalon
- diencephalon (eyes)
- telencephalon
mesencephalon
rhombencephalon
- metencephalon
- mylencephalon

further division at 5th week

Front 78

organizing center for gastrulation. what does it use to affect gastrulation?

Back 78

primitive streak

uses hormones

Front 79

inducing tissue for CNS development
what does it use to control development?

Back 79

Notochord

uses gene expression

Front 80

somites divide at this time

Back 80

when the neural tube closes

Front 81

NC cells migrate off __________ to pharyngeal archest

Back 81

rhombomeres

Front 82

where ectopic pregnancies occur

Back 82

ampulla (54%)
isthmic (25%)
fibral (17 %)
~all fallopian tube locations
2% interstitial
1.2% abdominal on intestine
.5% ovarian
.3% cervical

Front 83

ectoderm derivatives

Back 83

epidermis
sensory epithelium of ear, nose and eye (cornea and lense)
enamel
subcutaneous glands
nervous system including neural crest

Front 84

endoderm derivatives

Back 84

pharynx
thyroid
tonsils
submand and sublingual glands
lining of GI tract
lining of respiratory

Front 85

contributes to pharyngeal pouches

Back 85

endoderm and ectoderm

Front 86

made from pharyngeal groove of arch 2, 3, and 4

Back 86

cervical sinus

Front 87

made from 2nd and 3rd pharyngeal pouch

3rd and 4th?

4th?

Back 87

supratonsilar fossa

thymus, inf. parathyroid

sup. parathyroid & posterior branchial body

Front 88

day cleavage begins

day morula is present

day blastocyst is present

Back 88

1st day

3rd day

4th day

Front 89

mandible develops ______ to meckel's cartilage

Back 89

lateral to

Front 90

most active synchondrosis

Back 90

spheno occipital

Front 91

ear forms at what weeks

Back 91

6-7 weeks