Gcse Geography - Industry

Front 1

Industry as a system

Back 1

Industries are thought of as a system which includes inputs, processes, outputs and feedback.
Inputs:- The three main inputs are physical inputs (raw materials), labour, and capital.
Processes:- Include production, factory maintenance, packaging and transport.
Outputs:- These are the finished products, wages and profits.
Feedback:- This is anything that refines the product, anything that makes it better.

Front 2

Primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary sectors.

Back 2

Primary sector produce the raw materials.
Secondary sector take the raw materials from the primary industries, process them and manufacture them into goods and products.
Tertiary Sector is a service sector and involves the sale of services and skills.
Quaternary sector provides information, consultancy and research and development.

Front 3

Footloose industries

Back 3

These are industries that don't rely on factors that would force them to locate in a specific geographical location. For example a coal mine needs to be located near a coal field. As long as a footloose company has suitable transport, energy and communication links it can locate anywhere. Footloose industries are usually high-tech (e.g. computer software development) industries, and they also often locate near or next to each other.
Examples of where footloose companies in the UK are located are Silicon Glen in Scotland and the M4 corridor.

Front 4

Heavy Industries

Back 4

These are industries that are labour intensive (spend a lot of money on labour). Heavy industries also depend on their raw materials a therefore have to locate in a specific geographical area. The industries often cause environmental disruption by air, land and water pollution such as the Rhur in Germany. The impacts once these industries have declined are often drastic.

Front 5

Industry keywords:
1) TNC
2) NIC
3) Industrialization
4) Deindustrialisation

Back 5

1) A transnational corporation has a number of subsidiaries across the globe.
2) An NIC is a newly industrialized country, which means a country that has experienced a breakthrough in manufacturing and exporting which has then led to economic growth. They are sometimes called tiger economies.
3) This is the development of industry in an area on an extensive scale.
4) Through the removal or reduction of industry an area will go through social and economical change. The reduction/removal of heavy industry has the worst impact on an area.

Front 6

Human geography keyword:

SUSTAINABLE

Back 6

The word sustainable is used through out the human geography topics, it means minimising the damage to the environment whilst avoiding using up natural resources so that future generations can do the same, and it also takes economic issues it account (e.g. changes also have to be cost effective, not just benefit the environment).

Front 7

Employment structure

Back 7

As you move through from the richest countries to the poorest countries there is a noticeable difference in the % of people working in each type of sector. E.g. the USA will have the majority of employees working in the tertiary and quaternary sector, with a few in the secondary sector and a tiny amount in the primary sector, this is the opposite for the poorer countries.