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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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3 common shapes of bacteria
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Bacilli (rod)
Cocci (sphere) Spiral (vibrio) |
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Secretory diarrhea
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Symptom where intestine actively secretes liquid or do not absorb it
e.g. Cholera |
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Exudative diarrhea
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Symptom where blood and pus are present in stool
e.g. dysentery, shigellosis, amoebiasis |
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Oral Re-hydration Therapy (ORT)
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Treatment to replace lost fluid from diarrheal disease
contains clean water, sugars, and electrolyte salts |
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Equation for Odds
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P/1-P
P = probability |
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Equation for Odds Ratio
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AD/BC
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Target population
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Group(s) to which the results of a study should be applicable
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Source Population
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Well-defined subset of the target population
may consist of an enumerated list of population members |
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Sample population
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members of the population who are asked to participate in the study
larger than required sample size because not all will participate |
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Study population
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Members who participate in the study
must meet criteria for inclusion in study |
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4 levels of populations in study design from largest to smallest
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target population
source population sample population study population |
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Type 1 (alpha) error
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study population yields a significant statistical test result when one does not exist in the source population
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Type 2 (beta) error
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statistical test of data from the study population finds no significant result when one actually exists in the source population
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Equipoise
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RCT should be conducted only when there is genuine uncertainty about which treatment will work better
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Distributive justice
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source population must be an appropriate and non-exploitative one
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Beneficence / non-maleficence
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researchers must balance the likely benefits and risks of the study
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respect for persons
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Participants must volunteer for a study without being unduly influenced
must be able to understand what it means to be a research subject |
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Adverse reaction
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Side effects caused by a vaccine
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Adverse event
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any event that occurs following vaccination whether it is a true adverse reaction or is just coincidental
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Contraindication
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condition in a potential vaccine recipient that greatly increases the risk of a serious adverse reaction
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Precaution
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condition in a potential vaccine recipient that might increase the risk or severity of an adverse reaction or might compromise the ability of the vaccine to produce immunity
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