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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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NSC? Who and does what?
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National Safety Council. Publishes a list of the largest # of man hours worked without a injury for 36 major industry groups
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Quantitative methods use what kind of information? What does the method measure?
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Quantitative methods use counts of past accidents to create #s, frequencies, and severities to measure expected future accident rate.
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When should appraisals of plant safety be done?
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BEFORE construction, etc. During the design period.
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Lack of accident experience data on new plants causes them to add what kind of factor to their insurance premiums?
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uncertainty. This causes insurance to go up.
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List (6) things safety persons should ensure about new or existing plants.
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-Exits and markings required by OSHA and local codes are maintained.
-Electrical systems comply with National Electrical Code and other codes -adequate work spaces are provided between equipment -Hazardous operations are isolated as to not constitute dangers to others -Ventilating equipment is kept clean -newly purchased equipment meets OSHA and local standards |
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What is a common practice to help designate dangerous areas of a plant?
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color coded map: high, moderate, low hazard areas. These areas are visited and checked for safety measures with the high hazard areas checked most often. High hazard areas are put in the middle of low hazard areas when possible.
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Name an example of a low, moderate, high hazard area of a plant.
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High: toxic or explosives
moderate: high noise levels Low: coffee pots, etc "Christmas tree wiring" |
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What should be used to assist as a guide in safety inspection?
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a checklist
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How can limitations be created as to who entered a high hazard area?
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card access (remember 28 Weeks later)
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When appraising hazards who/what should be consulted?
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building codes, regulations, regulatory agency
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Is it easier to appraise hazards in new plants or old plants?
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New plants, but can be done in existing plants. You MUST know them though (foreseeability)
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Who does plant inspections (3-4)?
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safety committee members, dept/plant manangers, insurance company, state/federal agencies
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Checklists for safety are created by who?
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National Institute of Occupation Safety and Health (NIOSH). this permits mangers/safety engineers to appraise the safety programs.
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What is Qualitative data?
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suggestive information which incorporates opinions (info gathered via interviews/surveys)
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What is Quantitative data?
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after the fact data including accident stats, best gathered over long period of time
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Are causes of accidents usually one thing or many things?
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many: rupture of high pressure tank-moisture was the initiating hazard, corrosion was the contributory hazard, and the primary hazard (aka catastrophe) was the actual ruptured tank.
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What kinds of hazards are there?
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Primary, initiating, contributory
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What are the best ways to control/eliminate a hazard (4)
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-DESGINS to eliminate the hazard are most preferred over other methods
-where SAFEGUARDS are feasible, protective safety devices should be used -when neither safety devices or design is appropriate, AUTO-WARNINGS should be used (ie: laser cutter in lab) -when auto-warnings, design, and safety equipment won't work, TRAINING should be used |
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What are examples of hazard elimination (7):
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-use noncombustible materials
-use hydraulics instead of electrics -round edges instead of sharp -overflows for liquids -exhaust blowers to auto purge explosive gases -auto pressure relief systems -conductive coatings to control static |
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What is isolation?
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Isolation separates person from hazard
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What is a lock out?
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Lockouts prevents events from occuring or persons from entering area
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What is a lock in?
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Lockins keep a person, object, force, etc from leaving a restricted zone
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What is an interlock?
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Interlocks prevent events from occuring under certain conditions
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What are the three types of Failsafe Design?
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Fail Passive, Fail Active, Fail Operational
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Explain Fail Passive.
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the system doesn't operate again until corrective action (fuses/curcuit breakers)
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Explain Fail Active.
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may activate on an alternate system to prevent problems (generators/smoke detector batt beep)
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Explain Fail Operational.
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The most preferable, because there is no loss of function. allows system function until corrective action is possible. (ie: jetsky safety pulls)
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Name (4) ways to minimize failures.
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-safety margins, screening, timed replacement, redundant systems
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What is a safety margin?
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overbuilding (ie: giving too much strength to bridges)
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What is screening?
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Tests that are periodically done to make sure you are within operating parameters (ie: voltage tests)
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What is timed replacement?
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replacements done before they wear out. IE: oil, tires, etc
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What is a redundant system?
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backup system (ie: spare tire or back up generator)
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What are 4 types of monitoring?
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detection, measurement, interpretation, response
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What is detection?
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A type of monitoring system, measures concentration (ie: emissions of pollutants in smoke stack)
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What is measurement?
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A type of monitoring system that notes for abnormalities (ie radiator gauge)
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What is interpretation?
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a TYPE OF monitoring that uses reading to monitor devices. IE: almost nuclear explosion in 1979
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What is response?
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a type of monitoring that uses corrective action based on decisions (IE: natural gas has a smell that is added)
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If a hazard results in an accident, how may the danager be minimized?
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-isolation
-PPE -engergy absorbing mechanism (weak links) -escape routes/plans -rescue routes/plan |
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What is a "weak link"?
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designed to fail at a level that will cause the least amt of damage: ie: sprinkler system, less damage is done via water than fire, but damanage is done
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Give an example of an escape route.
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Parachute from crashing plane. FUCK.
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Rescue routes/plans: who is a rescuer
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ANYONE.
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