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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is Kartagner Syndrome?
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- Autosomal recessive
- immotile flagella - Bronchiectasis (leads to coughing), sinusitis, situs invertis (organs backwards) - Infertility (due to lack of flagella and cilia in ovarian tubes) Origins in gastrulation due to the need for motile cilia for asymmetry |
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What causes holoprosencephaly?
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Either:
- Deficits in axial mesoderm signaling during gastrulation - Defects in midline ventral brain signaling at later stage Leads to poorly split facial structures and brain 1 in 16,000 live births |
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When does gastrulation begin?
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About day 15
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How far anterior does the primitive streak migrate?
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About the lumbar region
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Names the sections of mesoderm present during gastrulation, starting anteriorly
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-Cardiogenic
-Prechordal plate -Notochord -Paraxial mesoderm, lateral plate mesoderm -Somites, intermediate mesoderm -Presomitic mesoderm -Primitive streak |
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What derives from intermediate mesoderm?
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Kidneys
Ureters Somatic gonads Adrenal cortex |
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What derives from lateral plate mesoderm (somatic)?
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Limb bones and CT
Ventral dermis CT of body wall Sternum |
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Why is the prechordal plate important?
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Induces division down midline of forebrain; defect or absence leads to holoprosencephaly
Only makes a few small face muscles |
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What does the notochord make?
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Induces brain and spinal cord
Induces ventral cell types in spinal cord (via shh) Produces intervertebral discs |
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What is derived from the ectoderm of the gastrula?
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Neural ectoderm (neural plate)
Neural crest cells Surface ectoderm |
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Surface ectoderm derivatives
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Epidermis of skin
Hair Nails Ectodermal placode derivatives (lens of eye, inner ear, placodally derived neurons) |
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Neural ectoderm derived
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CNS (brain and spinal cord)
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Neural crest derived
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Dermis (head)
Odontoblasts Melanocytes Ear bones (middle) Cardiac outflow tract Adrenal chromaffin PNS Skeleton and CT (facial) |
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Prechordal plate derived?
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A few eye muscles (important in brain splitting induction)
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Paraxial mesoderm derived (head region)
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Eye muscles
Base of skull bones Head muscles blood and blood vessels |
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Notochord derived?
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Intervertebral discs
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Somite derived?
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Most skeletal muscle (in limbs)
Ribs Vertebrae Dorsal dermis Blood and blood vessels |
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Somatic mesoderm derived?
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CT of body wall
CT and bones of limbs Ventral dermis Sternum Blood and BV |
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Splanchnic mesoderm derived
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Smooth muscle
Mesentaries CT of CV and gut Spleen Cardiac muscle Blood and BV |
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Endoderm derived
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Epithelial lining of lungs, GI, larynx, trachea, bladder, urethra
Tonsils Thymus Thyroid Liver Pancreas |
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What day does the blastocyst form?
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Day four
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When do blood islands begin to form on the yolk sac?
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Week 3
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When do the first somites form?
Neural tube begin to close? Neural crest migration begins? First branchial arch beings to form? |
Week 3
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When does the heart first beat?
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Week 4
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When does the oropharyngeal membrane rupture? (getting rid of blind pouch)
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Week 4
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When does forelimb and trachial budding begin?
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Week 3
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Primordial germ cells arrive at gonads from the yolk sac?
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Week 6
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External genitalia begins to differentiate?
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Week 7
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When does the anal membrane rupture?
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Week 8
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When does the fetal period begin?
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Week 9
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