Gastrointestinal Tract I

Front 1

Tissue type in upper GI tract

Back 1

striated skeletal muscle

Front 2

End of the GI tract

Back 2

anus

Front 3

Esophagus tissue type

Back 3

Striated to smooth muscle

Front 4

Abdominal GI tube tissue type

Back 4

Smooth muscle

Front 5

Anus tissue type

Back 5

Skeletal muscle

Front 6

Name of the GI tract's nerve network

Back 6

Enteric Nervous System

Front 7

Roles of the ENS

Back 7

Peristalsis and secretion control

Front 8

Enteric nervous system is (parasympathetic/sympathetic)

Back 8

BOTH! trick question

Front 9

Sympathetic portions of the ENS will have synapses here

Back 9

celiac, superior mesenteric and inferior mesenteric ganglia (sympathetic splanchnic ganglia)

Front 10

Parasympathetic portions of the ENS will derive from these two places

Back 10

Vagus nerve (cranial nerve X) and pelvic nerve (S2-4)

Front 11

GI is a tube that is formed next to the ________.

Back 11

Aorta

Front 12

Foregut's blood supply

Back 12

Celiac trunk

Front 13

Midgut's blood supply

Back 13

Superior Mesenteric Artery

Front 14

Hindgut parasympathetic nerve supply

Back 14

S2-4 (pelvic splanchnics)

Front 15

Hindgut blood supply

Back 15

Inferior mesenteric artery

Front 16

Foregut parasympathetic nerve supply

Back 16

Vagus nerve

Front 17

Sympathetic nerve supply of the foregut region

Back 17

Greater splanchnic nerve

Front 18

Sympathetic supply of the hindgut (nerves)

Back 18

Least splanchnic (thoracic) and lumbar splanchnic nerves

Front 19

What are the borders of the hindgut?

Back 19

Last 1/3 of transverse colon to rectum

Front 20

All elements of the GI tract were (intra/retro) peritoneal at one time

Back 20

intraperitoneal

Front 21

Peritoneum linking one organ to another

Back 21

ligament

Front 22

Connecting stomach to the spleen

Back 22

Gastrosplenic ligament

Front 23

Connects stomach to the liver

Back 23

Lesser omentum

Front 24

Connects liver to the wall of the peritoneal cavity

Back 24

Falciform ligament

Front 25

Blood vessels (are/are not) covered with peritoneum

Back 25

ARE

Front 26

Parietal peritoneal pain is described as....

Back 26

sharply localized

Parietal periotoneum is innervated like the body wall. Pain fibers ate components of somatic sensory (i.e. intercostal) nerves.

Front 27

Visceral peritoneum's pain fibers are components of these

Back 27

Vagus or splanchnic nerves

Front 28

Mild stretching (is/is not) detected in the visceral peritoneum

Back 28

IS NOT (i.e. the growth of a tumor goes undetected until the tumor is large. This contributes to high mortality of pancreatic and colon cancers).

Front 29

True or false: Pain in the visceral peritoneum is never intense

Back 29

FALSE. The pain can be dull to intense but is not well localized (i.e. stomach ache)

Front 30

Ancillary organs

Back 30

Kidneys, Spleen, Pancreas, Duodenum

Front 31

Transpyloric plane demarcates

Back 31

Goes through the kidneys, start of the duodenum and the body of the pancreas, and bottom of the spleen

Right kidney lower than the left kidney

Front 32

Umbilicus demarcates

Back 32

Upper quadrant v Lower quadrant

Front 33

Spleen's dimensions and location in the abdominal cavity

Back 33

1x3x5 inches

Weighs 7oz

Ribs 9-10

Usually not able to be palpated unless enlarged

Front 34

Spleen is (intra/retro) peritoneal

Back 34

intraperitoneal

Front 35

If a person has a longstanding infection, you will see an enlarged _______.

Back 35

Spleen

Front 36

Blood supply of the spleen

Back 36

Branch of the celiac trunk named the splenic artery

Front 37

Splenic artery will continue past spleen to do this.

Back 37

Will travel in the gastrosplenic ligament, branch to supply part of the stomach

Front 38

Splenic vein will eventually go into the _____________.

Back 38

Portal vein

Front 39

Blood goes into the spleen and back out to the ____________.

Back 39

Liver

Front 40

If there is too much damage to the spleen (i.e. after cracking ribs in a car wreck), you can do the following things:

Back 40

Ligate the blood vessels and remove the spleen

Person has had some immune response compromise so he/she must now be careful about infections.

Front 41

Uncinate process- what is it and where is it located?

Back 41

Part of pancreas like a fish hook-

Between superior mesenteric vessels/aorta/IVC

Front 42

Pancreas functions

Back 42

Digestive enzyme secretion

Insulin secretion by the Islets of Langerhans

Front 43

The uncinate process loops (dorsally/ventrally) in development

Back 43

ventrally

Front 44

Pancreas is developing as part of these two embryonic regions

Back 44

Foregut and Midgut

Thus, the blood supply reflects this. Gets blood from celiac trunk and superior mesenteric artery.

Front 45

Parts of Pancreas

Back 45

Head portion (cradled in curve of duodenum)

Body (extends across the superior mesenteric vessels)

Tail (extends across to the spleen)

Uncinate process (between aorta/IVC and superior mesenteric vessels)

Front 46

Main tube of pancreas

Back 46

Pancreatic duct

Front 47

Pancreas blood flow- Head and Uncinate process

Back 47

Head and uncinate processes: 2 pancreaticoduodenal arches (from the branches of the gastroduodenal artery (celiac trunk) and the superior mesenteric artery.

Front 48

Liver is (intra/retro) peritoneal

Back 48

Intraperitoneal

Front 49

Place where an infection can develop after abdominal surgery

Back 49

Subphrenic space

Front 50

Surfaces of the liver

Back 50

Diaphragmatic (upper)

Visceral (contact with all other viscera)

Front 51

Lobes of the Liver-- and how to differentiate

Back 51

Right

Left

Quadrate (bound to gallbaldder to the right and ligamentum teres in fissure)

Caudate (close to tail, next to IVC)

Front 52

Where all vessels will enter in liver

Back 52

Hepata Portis

Front 53

Liver is in direct contact with the diaphragm here

Back 53

Bare Area

Front 54

Where leftover umbilical vein will end up in the liver

Back 54

Ligamentum teres in the fissure

Front 55

Right triangular ligament is much more (anterior/posterior) than the left triangular ligament

Back 55

Posterior

Front 56

Which triangular ligament is more easily seen?

Back 56

Left

Front 57

Apical surface of cells will be in contact with (blood/bile).

Back 57

Bile

Front 58

Basolateral surface of hepatocytes is in contact with the (blood/bile).

Back 58

Blood

Front 59

Blood flow in the liver

Back 59

Aorta-->celiac trunk--> Proper hepatic artery--> Left or right hepatic artery

Front 60

Veins flowing into (through) the liver

Back 60

Splenic vein, Superior mesenteric vein, Inferior mesenteric vein

AFTER LIVER: goes to hepatic veins then back to IVC

Front 61

To take out gallbladder you need to ligate this

Back 61

Cystic artery

Front 62

Portal triad

Back 62

Hepatic artery, Portal vein and Bile duct

Front 63

Branching of the portal triad

Back 63

Right lobe: will be supplied by right branches of portal triad

Left, quadrate lobe: will have left branches of portal triad

Caudate: could have either one

Front 64

Will quadrate lobe be supplied by left or right branches of the portal triad?

Back 64

Left

Front 65

Will caudate lobe be supplied by left of right branches of the portal triad?

Back 65

Could be either one

Front 66

Blood pressure elevated in the vessels of the liver due to alcoholism/other damage to liver

Back 66

Portal hypertension

Front 67

Pancreas blood flow- body and tail

Back 67

Pancreatic branches of the splenic artery from the celiac trunk

Front 68

Venous return of pancreas

Back 68

Collateral veins to the portal system

Front 69

Lymphatic drainage of the pancreas

Back 69

Celiac and superior mesenteric nodes