Gastrointestinal Tract 2007-2009

Front 1

Gastric neuroendocrine carcinoma in Norwegian Lundehund.
Association with what lesion?
characterization?
Proposed pathogenesis (human)?

Back 1

gastric neoplasia is ass. with chronic atrophic gastritis. (4 of 8 tumors were neuroendocrine(enterochromaffin-like cell)).
Characterized by reduction in parietal cells and hyperplasia of neuroendocrine cells, considered consistent with longterm hypergastrinemia related to atrophic gastritis.
Pathogenenis: impaired gastric acid secretion, increased gastric pH, compensatory hypergastrinemia,proliferation of the enterochromaffin-like cell, may lead to neoplastic transformation.

Hint 1

CP 2008, vol 139, 194-201

Front 2

Survival of dogs with well differentiated melanocytic neoplasms of lips and oral cavity?

Back 2

After surgical excision; survival of ca 23 months.
All dogs with recurrent tumor and that died of tumor causes had tumors in the oral cavity

Hint 2

Vet Pathol 2008 45:889-896

Front 3

Causes of stomatitis and fever in cattle?

Back 3

Bovine viral diarrhea
Footh and mouth disease
Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis
Bluetongue
Malignant catarrhal fever
Rinderpest
Epizootic hemorrhagic disease

Hint 3

EID february 2009
Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease in Cattle, Western Turkey

Front 4

Clinical signs of epizootic hemorrhagic disease in cattle?
Etiology?

Back 4

a.o. fever, anorexia, ulcerative and necrotizing stomatitis, hyperemia and edema of conjunctiva, teats and udder, hemorrhage, sore muzzle
genus Orbivirus, family Reoviridae, related to Bluetongue virus

Hint 4

EID february 2009
Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease in Cattle, Western Turkey

Front 5

Early infection of Mycobacterium avium spp. Paratuberculosis
Which inflammatory cells are first?
Which genes are expressed?

Back 5

First monocytes in lumen -> crypt abscesses with neutrophils and fibrin -> neutrophils and monocytes in lamina propria -> acid fast bacteria in lamina propria and goblet cell hyperplasia
Genes expressed: intestinal-trefoil factor, profilin, lactoferrin, enteric beta-defensin

Hint 5

Vet pathol 46: 717-728 2009

Front 6

Via which route can Mycobacterium avium spp. paratuberculosis (MAP) suppress host macrophage immune response?

Back 6

MAP Man-LAM-induced (Mannosylated liparabinomannan) TLR2 (Toll-like receptor-2) MAPK-p38 (mitogen-activated protein kinase-p38) signaling with resultant IL-10 expression.

Hint 6

vetpathol 45: 829-841, 2008
REVIEW PAPER

Front 7

IL-10 overexpression in MAP infection.
Which results? (7)

Back 7

↓ TNF-alpha
↓ IL-12
↓IL-8
↓MHC class II
↓ apoptosis
↓phagosome identification
↓organism killing

Hint 7

vetpathol 45: 829-841, 2008
REVIEW PAPER

Front 8

Mycobacterial cell wall receptors important in MAP infection and mechanism?

Back 8

liparabinomannan: Mannose (path) and arabinosylated (nonpath)inhibit macrophage activation and pahgosome maturation (Man-LAM), initiates signaling via TLR, induces TNF-alpha and chemokine production (Ara-LAM).
19-kDa cell wall lipoprotein: TLR2 and mannose receptors: ↓IFN-gamma and ↓MHC II expression
Mycolyl-arabino-galactan peptidoglycan complex: ↓IFN-gamma

Hint 8

vetpathol 45: 829-841, 2008
REVIEW PAPER

Front 9

Clostridium perfringens in sheep and goats.
Diagnosis?
gross?
histo?

Back 9

most acceptable criterion for definitive diagnosis is detection of toxins in intestinal contents.
Type A: icterus, large friable liver and spleen, red urine. pericacinar necrosis of liver, nephrosis
Type B and C: hemorrhagic and necrotizing enteritis with serohemorrhagic ascites. Acute coagulative necrosis of the intestinal mucosa.
Type D: hyperemic mucosa with hemorrhagic fluid contents, pericardial and pleural fibrinous fluids, petechiation.
chronic: focal symmetrical encephalomalacia (FSE). pulpy kidney (likely postmortem). Fibrinonecrotic (pseudomembranous) colitis.
type E: rare cause of hemorrhagic enteritis and death in beef calves: toxinotype E.

Hint 9

JVDI: vol 20, 253-265, (2008)

Front 10

Focal symmetric encephalomalacia in sheep.
Cause?
Histo (pathognomonic)?

Back 10

Clostridium perfringens type D epsilon toxin.
Necrosis of white matter with hemorrhage and astrocyte and axonal swelling. Perivascular proteineceous edema, round small and medium sized arteries and veins

Hint 10

JVDI: vol 20, 253-265, (2008)

Front 11

AA amyloid deposition in sheep.
Main target organ?
Distribution?

Back 11

GI tract is main target organ for AA amyloid deposition in sheep.
Lamina propria, muscularis mucosa, submucosa, sometimes muscular layers. Villi initially perivascular, later entirely.
From tongue to rectum, predominantly in the duodenum

Hint 11

JCP: 140: 238-246 (2009)

Front 12

Ovine small intestinal adenocarcinomas;
associated with:
- herpesviruses
- helicobacter species
- MAP?
- defects in mismatch repair genes (MMR)?

Back 12

Associated with none of them.

Hint 12

JCP: 140: 177-181 (2009)
vet pathol: 45: 3-6 (2008)

Front 13

Bluetongue type-4 infection in sheep.
Histopathological changes in which organs?
Pathogenesis of the fulminant edema?

Back 13

- necrosis and hemorrhage in skeletal muscle (neck)
- pulmonary edema with distention of lymph vessels
- ulceration and necrosis of mucosal lining upper gastrointestinal tract
Pathogenesis: increased vascular permeability WITHOUT endothelial cell necrosis.
BT like AHS is an endotheliotropic viral disease characterized by fatal pulmonary edema without consistent, widespread histologic evidence of small blood vessels destruction.

Hint 13

Vet pathol: 45: 310-315 (2008)

Front 14

cellular phenotypes in abomasum and lymph nodes in goats infected with Haemonchus contortus:
T cells: CD 2+, CD 4+, CD 8+, gammadelta
B cells: IgM and plasmacells (IgG)
which are up and down regulated in mucosa and lymph node?

Back 14

Increase in mucosa:
CD 4, gamma delta T cells, less CD 8. B cells and plasma cells

Lymph nodes: increased size
increase: B cells,
decrease: CD8 T cells
proportion of CD 4 and GD did not change, absolute numbers increased.

Hint 14

JCP: 138: 102-107 (2008)

Front 15

Anal sac gland carcinoma: features in dogs and cats?
1. percentage of skin neoplasms?
2. metastasis?
3. hypercalcemia of malignancy?
4. IHC?
5. female/male ratio, age, in cats?
6. survival rate in cats?

Back 15

1. 0,5% cats, 2% dogs
2. 16% cats, 79% dogs
3. not in cats (1 marginal), 25-90% of dogs
4. CAM 5.2 = glandular cytokeratin antibody = cytokeratin peptide 8 (negative in squamous epithelium and sebaceous glands)
5. 1.56, mean age 12 years
6. threequarters died from neoplasm, median survival 3 months, survival rate 1 year: 19%, 2 year: 0.

Hint 15

vet pathol: 46: 677-683 (2009)

Front 16

Association between Helicobacter and chronic gastritis in cats:
Significantly associated histological lesions?
most isolated Helicobacter species?

Back 16

Lymphoid follicle formation and Epithelial proliferation in the antrum, corpus and fundus.
Helicobacter heilmannii, H. felis was only identified in coinfection (2 of 17 cats)

Hint 16

JCP: 141: 127-134 (2009)

Front 17

Feline intestinal T-cell lymphoma:
proliferation index is assessed by MIB1 (mindbomb homolog 1 ) IHC.
1. What does MIB1 stain?
2. low-intermediate-high proliferation index?
3. lesions associated with proliferative activity:
nuclear size?
fibrosis?
neovascularization?
starry sky?

Back 17

1. nuclear protein Ki67, only expressed in proliferating cells.
2. low: 3,5 %, interm: 18% , high: 40%
3. yes, yes, no, no.

Hint 17

JVDI 21: 277-279 (2009)

Front 18

Feline gastrointestinal eosinophilic sclerosing fibroplasia.
1. common site?
2. characteristic histology?
3. bacteria associated?
4. IHC large spindle-shaped cells?

Back 18

1. pyloric sphincter > ileocecocolic junction or colon > SI
2. eosinophilic inflammation, large reactive fibroblasts, trabeculae of dense collagen, either transmural or inner layers.
3. 56% bacteria ass. in microabscesses and necrotic foci in the lesion, gram- and+ rods, and gram+ cocci.: E. coli and C. perfringens cultured.
4. vimentin and smooth muscle actin +: myofibroblastic differentiation

Hint 18

Vet pathol: 46: 63-70 (2009)

Front 19

Feline gastrointestinal lymphoma:
1. predominant type in stomach?
2. predominant type in SI?
3. predominant type in colon?
4. overall?

Back 19

1. 24%. diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of immunoblastic nuclear type. All gastric tumors were of B-cell lineage
2. 75% of affected cats, > 50% Tcell tumors, 38% Bcell, 8% nonreactive
3. 16%, 88% Bcell.
4. 54% Bcell, 38% Tcell, 3 nonreactive.

Hint 19

vet pathol: 46: 259-268 (2009)

Front 20

Vesicular stomatitis virus infection in horses.
1. virus and serotypes?
2. gross and histo
3. serology?
4. best organ for virus isolation?

Back 20

1. genus vesiculovirus, family rhabdoviridae, 2 serotypes: New Jersey, Indiana (VSNJ-v, VSI-v)
2. mucous membrane ulcers, perivascular lymphocytes, plasma cells, fewer neutrophils
3. IgG, IgM en IgA increased
4. tonsils.

Hint 20

Vet Pathol 2007 (?)

Front 21

In pigs with proliferative enteropathy, which neuropeptides are upregulated in the intestinal ganglia?

Back 21

substance P
calcitonin gene-related peptide
vasoactive intestinal peptide
somatostatin
galanin

Hint 21

JCP: 138, 23-31, (2008)

Front 22

Comparative evaluation of diagnostic methods for Lawsonia intracellularis in pigs.
1. choice for retrospective studies?
2. choice for epidemiological studies?

Back 22

1. IHC. IHC an ISH sens >50% and spec. almost 100%, indicated cases of clinical relevance.
2. PCR of parafin/mucosal scrapings: also + in animals with few bacteria (healing), PCR faeces: many false +

Warthin Starry: 100% specific, 34% sensitivity.

Hint 22

JCP: 140, 140-148 (2009)

Front 23

expression of mucins in Salmonella typhimurium infected pigs?
1. MUC4
2. MUC5AC
3. TFF1

Back 23

1. reduced
2. up
3. up and correlated with 2.

Clinical and pathogenic relevance unknown.

Hint 23

JCP: 140, 38-42 (2009)

Front 24

Clostridium difficile is a cause of neonatal typhlocolitis in pigs.
1. type bacteria?
2. toxins? effect?
3. toxin receptor is alpha-galactosyl. expression? Why are other neonate species resistant?

Back 24

1. Gram-positive bacillus, obligate anaerobe, sporeformer.
2. toxin A (TcdA) and toxin B (TcdB)
A = enterotoxin, receptormediated endocytosis of the intact toxin
B = cytotoxin, no binding to mucosal receptors, toxic when underlying damage in the mucosa
3. alpha-galactosyl is expressed in neonate pig colon, but not in the same distribution as TcdA binding, so another receptor is probable.
Resistance because they may lack significant TcdA receptors

Hint 24

Vet pathol: 44: 814-822 (2007)

Front 25

Intranasal inoculation of colostrum-deprived calves with non-cytopathic bovine viral diarrhea virus.
1. Clinic and relation with virus?
2. Virus?
3. Ileal Peyer's patches? Correlation with BVDV?

Back 25

1. Pyrexia and lymphopenia, correlated and inversely correlated resp.
2. Family Flaviviridae, genus Pestivirus.
3. Lymphodepletion due to apoptosis. Less lympho's are infected than macrophages and stellate cells, amount of apoptosis is disproportionate to the depletion of GALT.

Hint 25

CP 141, 52-62 (2009)