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56 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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digestive tract
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~alimentary canal
~mouth, pharynx, esophagus, small intestine, large intestine, anus |
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peristalsis
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~rhythmic contraction fo smooth muscle that forces food through digestive tract, bile through bile duct, and urine through the uterer
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accessory organs
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~aid in digestive process
~not part of digestive tract ~teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, pancreas |
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mouth
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~entrance
~mechanical (tongue/teeth) ~chemical (saliva) |
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tongue
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~muscular appendage
~aids in chewing, swallowing, and speech ~contain taste buds |
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esophagus
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~transfers food 4m the oropharynx to the stomach
~contains epiglottis and cardiac sphincter |
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oropharynx
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~area btwn soft palate in the mouth and upper portion of the throat
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epiglottis
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~closes to prev food 4m entering trachea
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cardiac sphincter
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~closes to prev reflux of gastric contents
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stomach
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~hollow muscular pouch
~secretes pepsin, mucus, hydrochloric acid ~secretes intrinsic factor necessary 4 absorption of vit B12 |
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small intestin
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~duodenum, jejunum, ileum
~lined with villi |
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villi
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~contains capillaries and lymphatics that transport nutrients 4m the small intestine to the body
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large intestine
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~ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum
~absorbs fluid/elec ~synthesizes vit K ~stores fecal material |
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liver
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~largest organ in body
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functions of the liver
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~produces bile
~metab carbs, fats, proteins ~filters old RBCs ~blood storage ~detox chemicals ~excretes bilirubin ~metab hormones ~prod albumin |
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gallbladder
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~hollow, pear-shaped organ
~stores bile |
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cystic duct
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~when bile is needed, gallbladder contracts and expels bile
~then flows into common bile duct ~then enters duodenum |
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pancreas
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~secretes 3 digestive enzymes: amylase, lipase, trypsin in2 duodenum
~secretes insulin, glucagon, somatostatin 4m islets of Langerhans in2 blood ~secretes large amts of sodium bicarbonate |
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barium swallow test
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~fluoroscopic exam of pharynx/esophagus
~PRE:NPO 8hours ~POST:fluids ~laxatives |
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upper GI series
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~xray to exam esophagus, stomach, duodenum after pt swallows barium
~PRE:NPO 8hours ~IV fluids, enemas ~POST:light-colored stool ~cathartics, fluids, enemas |
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lower GI series; barium enema
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~xray to exam large intestine
~PRE:NPO 8hours ~laxatives/enemas ~POST:fluids |
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endoscopy
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~endoscope to view esophagus and stomach
~PRE:NPO 8hours ~informed consent ~V/S ~sedatives ~POST:NPO til gag reflex rtns |
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fecal fat test
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~analyzes stool for presence of fat
~no alcohol ~high-fat diet 3days before and 3days after ~refridge stool ~doc meds |
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proctosigmoidoscopy
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~light scope to view colon to canal
~PRE:bowel preps ~informed consent ~POST:doc iron intake ~check 4 bleeding ~V/S ~complications (perforation) |
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cholangiography
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~dye injec to produce a radiographic picture of the biliary duct system, then xrayed
~PRE:high-fat diet 1day ~informed consent ~NPO after 2400 ~allergies 2 seafood ~POST:injection site for bleeding ~V/S ~fluids |
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liver scan
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~image of blood flow in the liver using an inject of radioisotope
~PRE:allergies ~informed consent ~POST:check 4 delayed allergic reaction |
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gastric analysis
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~check acidity of gastric secretions aspirated through NG tube
~check 4 ulcers, pern anemia ~PRE:NPO after 2400 ~no smoking 12hours ~no anticholinergics ~POST:V/S |
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ultrasonography
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~echoes 4m sound waves to visualize body organs
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blood chemistry tests
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~analyze pt's blood
~doc meds ~check 4 bleeding |
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hematologic study
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~analyze a blood sample for WBC, RBC, ESR, HCT, HGB, platelets
~doc meds ~check 4 bleeding |
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coagulation study
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~lab test of blood sample that analyzes PT, INR, PTT
~doc med ~check 4 bleeding |
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liver biopsy
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~removal of liver tissue w/needle
~PRE:NPO after 2400 ~informed consent ~pos on L side during biopsy ~POST:check 4 bleeding/shock ~V/S ~check 4 s/s of shock ~pos pt on R lateral side 4 hemostasis for 2hrs ~bed rest 24hrs after biopsy |
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colonoscopy
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~lighted scope to directly visualize the large intestine
~PRE:informed consent ~clear liq diet 2days before ~bowel preps day before ~POST:check 4 bleeding ~check 4 s/s of colon perforation ~NPO 2hours ~check 4 occult blood ~V/S |
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endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)
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radiographic exam of hepatobiliary tree and pancreatic ducts using contrast medium and lighted scope
~PRE:informed consent ~NPO after 2400 ~POST:check 4 resp depression ~check 4 urine retention ~assess gag reflex |
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percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography
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~fluoroscopic exam of biliary ducts
~inject of contrast medium ~PRE:allergies to seafood ~informed consent ~check PT, INR, PTT ~NPO after 2400 ~PRE:rest on side 6hours ~check 4 bleeding ~V/S ~NPO 2hours |
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paracentesis
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~temp removal of fludi accumulated in peritoneum
~indicated when ventilation is impaired, abd discomf ~void immed b4 ~during, pos sitting w/feet on stool ~fluid removed slowly over 30-90mins ~bedrest ~check 4 complications |
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pigment studies
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~assess bilirubin levels
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dye clearance
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~liver's ability 2 detoxify substances
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protein studies
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~check protein synthesis by liver
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alkaline phosphatase
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~enzymes normally found in lover, released during liver damage
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prothrombin time
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~clotting process
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blood ammonia
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~liver's ability 2 synthesize protein byproducts
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serum transaminase studies
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~elev in liver dz
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cholesterol studies
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~produced by liver
~decr w/liver damage ~incr in bile duct obstruction |
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levin
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~NG tube
~decompression of stomach |
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salem sump
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~for continuous suctioning
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miller-abbott
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~intestinal suction
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harris
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~intestinal suction
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cantor
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~intestinal suction
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ewald
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~removal of secretions thru the mouth
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sangstake-blakemore
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~tx of esophageal varices
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nasogastric tube feeding/irrigation
NI |
~assess placement
~semi-fowler's ~check 4 residual ~nose/mouth care ~assess secretions ~use correct solution 4 irrigation |
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gastrostomy tube
NI |
~anterior wall of stomach is sutured 2 abd wall
~tube is sutured in place by MD |
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total parenteral nutrition
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~IV admin of hypertonic solution of glucose, nitrogen, & other nutrients 2 achieve tissue synthesis
~if pt cannot take food PO ~inability to use by GI ~excessive nutri needs (CA, burns, multi frac) ~NI:chest xray ~wt ~BS ~after 3hrs, check BS again |
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guiac test
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~hemocult test
~check 4 blood in stool ~upper GI: stool is dark/yellow ~blood is reabsorb by S/L colon ~blood appears coffee ground ~lower GI: fresh red blood ~PRE:no ASA, NSAIDs, red meat 3days |
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cholyecystogram; gallbladder series
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~tabs conjugated in liver, excr in bile, seen in film; outlines gallbladder
~PRE:check 4 allergies 2 iodine ~telopaque tabs 12hrs ~NPO 2400 ~POST:low-fat diet ~poor visual: gallbladder dz |
