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209 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
abdomino
celio laparo |
abdomen
|
|
ano
|
anus
|
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appendico
|
appendix
|
|
bili
chole |
bile
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bucco
|
cheek
|
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cheilo
|
lip
|
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colo
colono |
colon
|
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cysto
|
bladder or sac
|
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denti
|
teeth
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docho
|
duct
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duedeno
|
duodenum
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entero
|
small intestine
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esophago
|
esophagus
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gastro
|
stomach
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gingivo
|
gum
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glosso
linguo |
tongue
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hepato
hepatico |
liver
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hernio
|
hernia
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ileo
|
ileum
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inguino
|
groin
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jejuno
|
jejunum (empty)
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litho
|
stone
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oro
stomato |
mouth
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pancreato
|
pancreas
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peritoneo
|
peritoneum
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phago
|
eat or swallow
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procto
|
anus and rectum
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pyloro
|
pylorus (gatekeeper)
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recto
|
rectum
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sialo
|
saliva
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sigmoido
|
sigmoid colon
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steato
|
fat
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-emesis
|
vomiting
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oral cavity
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cavity that receives food for digestion
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salivary glands
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three pairs of exocrine glands in the mouth that secrete saliva; parotid, submandibular (submaxillary), and sublingual
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cheeks
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lateral walls of the mouth
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lips
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fleshy strucutres surrounding the mouth
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palate
|
structure that forms the roof of the mouth; it is divided into the hard and soft palate
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uvula
|
small projection hanging from the back middle edge of the soft palate
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tongue
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muscular structure of the floor of the mouth covered by mucous membrane and held down by a band-like membrane known as the frenulum
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gums
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tissue covering the processes of the jaws
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teeth
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hard bony projections in the jaws that serve to masticate (chew) food
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pharynx
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throat; passageway for food traveling to the esophagus and air traveling to the larynx
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esophagus
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muscular tube that moves food from the pharynx to the stomach
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stomach
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sac-like organ that chemically mixes and prepares food received from the esophagus
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cardiac sphincter
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opening from the esophagus to the stomach
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pyloric sphincter
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opening of the stomach into the duodenum
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small intestine
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tubular structure that digests food received from the stomach
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duodenum
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first portion of the small intestine
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jejunum
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second portion of the small intestine
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ileum
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third portion of the small intestine
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large intestine
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larger tubular structure that receives the liquid waste products of digestion, reabsorbs water and minerals, and forms and stores feces for defecation
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cecum
|
first part of the large intestine
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vermiform appendix
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worm like projection of the lymphatic tissue hanging off the cecum with no digestive function- may serve to to resist infection (vermi = worm)
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colon
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portions of the large intestine extending from the cecum to the rectum; identified by direction or shape
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ascending colon
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portion that extends upward from the cecum
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transverse colon
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portion that extends across from the asending colon
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descending colon
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portion that extends down from the transverse colon
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sigmoid colon
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portiong (resembling an s) that terminates at the rectum
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rectum
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distal (end) portion of the large intestine
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rectal ampulla
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dilated portion of the rectum just above the anal canal
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anus
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opening of the rectum to the outside of the body
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feces
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refuse; solid waste formed in the large intestine
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defecation
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evacuation of feces from the rectum
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peritoneum
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membrane surounding the entire abdominal cavity consisting of the parietal layer (lining the abdominal wall) and visceral layer (covering each organ in the abdomen)
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peritoneal cavity
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space between the parietal and visceral peritoneum
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omentum
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a covering; an extension of the peritoneum attached to the stomach and connecting it with other abdominal organs
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liver
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organ in the upper right quadrant that produces bile, which is secreted into the duodenum during digestion
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gall bladder
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receptable that stores and concentrates the bile produced in the liver
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pancreas
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gland that secretes pancreatic juice into the duodenum, where is mixes with bile to digest food
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biliary ducts
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ducts that convey bile, including hepatic, cystic, and common bile ducts
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hypochondriac regions
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upper lateral regions beneath the ribs
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epigastric region
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upper middle region below the sternum
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lumbar regions
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middle lateral regions
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umbilical region
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region of the navel
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inguinal regions
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lower lateral groin regions
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hypogastric region
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region below the navel
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anorexia
|
loss of appetite (orexia = appetite)
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aphagia
|
inability to swallow
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ascites
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accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity (ascos = bag)
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buccal
|
in the cheek
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constipation
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infrequent of incomplete bowel movements characterized by hardened, dry stool that is difficult to pass
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diarrhea
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frequent loose or liquid stools
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dyspepsia
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indigestion
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dysphagia
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dificulty in swallowing
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eructation
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belch
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flatulence
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gas in the stomach or intestines
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halitosis
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bad breath
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hematochezia
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red blood in the stool
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hematemesis
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vomiting blood
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hepatomegaly
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enlargement of the liver
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hyperbilirubinemia
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excessive level of bilirubin (bile pigment) in the blood
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icterus
jaundice |
yellow discoloration of the skin, sclerea (white portion of the eye), and other tissues caused by excessive bilirubin in the blood.
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melena
|
dark-colored, tarry stool caused by old blood
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nausea
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sick in the stomach
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steatorrhea
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feces containg fat
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sublingual
hypoglossal |
under the tongue
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stomatitis
|
inflammation of the mouth
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sialoadenitis
|
inflammaiton of the salivary gland
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parotitis
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inflammation of the parotid gland; also called mumps
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cheilitis
|
inflammation of the lip
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glossitis
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inflammation of the tonue
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ankyloglossia
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tongue-tie; a defect of the tongue characterized by a short, think frenulum
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gingivitis
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inflammation of the gums
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esophageal varices
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swollen, twisted veins in the esophagus especially susceptible to the ulceration and hemorrhage
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esophagitis
|
inflammation of the esophagus
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gastritis
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inflammation of the stomach
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gastroesophageal reflex disease
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blackflow of stomach contents into the esophagus, often as a result of abrnomal function of the lower esophageal sphincter; causes burning pain in the esophagus
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pyloric stenosis
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narrowed condition of the pylorus
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peptic ulcer disease
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a sore on the mucous membrane of the stomach, duodenum, or any other part of the gasrointestinal system exposed to gastric juices; commonly caused by infection with bacteria
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gastric ulcer
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ulcer located in the stomach
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duodenal ulcer
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ulcer located in the duodenum
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gastroenteritis
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inflammation of the stomach and small intestine
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enteritis
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inflammation of the small intestine
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ileitis
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inflammation of the lower portion of the small intestine
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colitis
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inflammation of the colon (large intestine)
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ulcerative colitis
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chronic inflammation of the colon along with ulcerations
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diverticulum
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a by-way; an abnormal side pocket in the gastrointestinal tract usually related to a lack of dietary fiber
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diverticulosis
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presence of diverticula in the gastrointestinal tract, especially in the bowel
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divericulitis
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inflammation of diverticula
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dysentery
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inflammation of the intestine characterized by frequent, blood stools, most often caused by bacteria or protozoa
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appendicitis
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inflammation of the appendeix
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hernia
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protrusion of part of the stomach upward through the hiatal opening in he diaphragm
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hital hernia
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protrusion of part of the stomach upward through he hiatal opening in the diaphragm
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inguinal hernia
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protrusion of a loop of the intestine through layeres of the abdominal wall in the inguinal region
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incarcerate hernia
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hernia that is swollen and fixed within a sac causing an obstruction
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strangulated hernia
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hernia that is constricted, cut off from circulation, and likely to become gangrenous
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umbilical hernia
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protusion of the intestine through a weakness in the abdominal wall around the umbilicus
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intussusception
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prolapse of one part of the intestine into the lumen of the adjoining part
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volvulus
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twisting of the bowel on inself, causing obstruction
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polyposis
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multiple polyps in the intestine and rectum with a high malignancy potential
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polyp
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tumor on a stalk
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proctitis
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inflammation of the rectum and anus
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anal fistula
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abnormal tube-like passageway from the anus that may connect with the rectum
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hemorrhoid
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swollen, twisted vein in the anal region
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peritonitis
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inflammation of the peritoneum
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hepatitis
|
inflammation of the liver
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hepatitis A
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infectious inflammation of the liver caused the by hepatitis A virus, usually transmitted orally through fecal contamination of food or water
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hepatitis B
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infection inflammation of the liver caused by the hepatits B virus that is transmitted sexually or by exposure to contaminated blood or body fluids
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hepatitis C
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inflammation of the liver caused by the hepatitis C virus transmitted by exposure to infected blood
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cirrhosis
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chronic disease characterized by degeneration of liver tissue, most often caused by alcholoism or a nutritional deficiency
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cholangitis
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inflammation of the bile ducts
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cholecystitis
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inflammation of the gallbladder
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choelithiasis
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presence of stones in the gallbladder or bile ducts
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choledocholithiasis
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presence of stones in the common bile duct
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pancreatitis
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inflammation of the pancreas
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endoscopy
|
examination within a body cavity with a fleixble endoscope for diagnosis or treatment; used in the gastrointestinal ract to detect abnormalities and perform procedures such as biopsies, excision of lesions, dilations of narrowed areas, and removal of swallowed objects
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esphagoscopy
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exacmination of the esophagus with an esphagoscope
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gastroscopy
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examination of the stomach with a gastroscope
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upper gastrointestinal endoscopy
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examination of the lining of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum with a flexible endoscope; also known as esophagogastroduodenoscopy or panendoscopy
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endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
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endoscopic procedure including x-ray fluoroscopy to examine the ductsor the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas
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laparoscopy
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examination of the abdominal cavity with a laparoscope - often including interventional surgical procedures
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peritoneoscopy
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examination of the peritoneal cavity with a peritoneoscope often performed to examine the liver and obtain a biopsy speciman
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capsule endoscopy
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examination of the small intestine made by a tiny video camera placed in a capsule and swallowed; images are transmitted to a waist belt recorder and dowloaded ...
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colonoscopy
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examination of the colon using a flexible colonoscope
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sigmoidoscopy
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examination of the sigmoid colon with a rigid or flexible sigmoidoscope
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proctoscopy
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examination of rectum and anus with a proctoscope
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nuclear medicine
|
radionuclide organ imaging
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liver scan
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scan of the liver made after injection of radioactive tracers into the bloodstream; used to detect tumors and functional abnormalities
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upper GI series
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x-ray of the esophagus, stomach and duodenum after the patient has swallowed a contrast medium
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barium swallow
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x-ray of the esophagus only; often used to located swallowed objects
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fluoroscopy
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x-ray using a fluorescent screen to visualize structures in motion
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small bowel series
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x-ray exam of the small intestine generally done in conjunction with an upper GI series
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lower GI series barium enema
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x-ray of the colon after administration of an enema containng a contrast medium
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cholangiogram
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x-ray of the bile ducts; often performed during surgery
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cholecystogram
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x-ray of the gallbladder taken after oral ingestion of iodine
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CT colonography
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computed tomographic image of the colon performed as an alternative to traditional invasive colonoscopy; also known as virtual colonoscopy
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sonography
|
ultrasound imaging
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abdominal sonogram
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ultrasound image of the abdoment to detect disease or deformity in organs and vascular structures
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endoscopic sonography
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endoscopic procedure using a sonographic transducer within an endoscope to examine a body cavity and make sonographic images of structures and tissues
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biopsy
|
removal of tissue for microscopic pathological examination
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endoscopic biopsy
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removal of a speciman for biopsy during an endoscopic procedure
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excisional biopsy
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removal of an entire lesion for examination
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incisional biopsy
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removal of a portion of a lesion for examination
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needle biopsy
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percutaneous removal of a core specimen of tissue using a special hollow needle
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stool culture and sensitivity
|
isolation of a stoll specimen in a culture medium to identify disease causing organisms; if present, the drugs to which they are sensitive are listed
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stool occult blood study
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chemical test of a stool speciman to detect the presence of blood; positive findings indicate bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract
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bariatric surgery
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treatment of morbid obesity by surgery to the stomach and or intestines; includes restrictive techniques that limit the size of the stomach and malabsorptive techniques that limit the absorption of food
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cheiloplasty
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repair of the lip
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glossectomy
|
excision of all or part of the tongue
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glossorrhaphy
|
suture of the tongue
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esophagoplasty
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repair of the esophagus
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gastrectomy
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partial or complete removal of the stomach
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gastric resection
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partial removal and repair of the stomach
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abdominocentesis
paracentesis |
puncture of the abdoment for aspiration of fluid
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laparotomy
|
incision into the abdomen
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laparscopic surgery
|
abdominal surgery using a laparoscope
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herniorrhaphy
hernioplasty |
repair of a hernia
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colostomy
|
creation of an opening in the colon through the abdominal wal to create an abdominal anus allowing stool to bypass a diseased portion of the colon; performed to treat ulcerative colitis, cancer, or obstructions
|
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anastomosis
|
union of two hollow vessels used in bowel surgery
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ileostomy
|
surgical creation of an opening on the abdomen to which the end of the ileum is attached, providing a passageway for ileal discharges; performed after removal of the colon
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appendectomy
|
excision of a diseased appedix
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polypectomy
|
excision of polyps
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proctoplasty
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repair of the anus and rectum
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anal fistulectomy
|
excision of an anal fistula
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hemorrhoidectomy
|
excisin of hemorrhoids
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hepatic lobectomy
|
excision of a lobe of the liver
|
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cholecystectomy
|
excision of the gallbladder
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laparoscopic cholecystectomy
|
excision of the gallbladder through a laparoscope
|
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cholelithotomy
|
incision for removal of gallstones
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choledocholithotomy
|
incision of the common bile duct for extraction of gallstones
|
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cholelithotripsy
|
crushing of gallstones
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pancreatectomy
|
excision of the pancreas
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gastric lavage
|
oral insertion of a tube into the stomach for examination and treatment
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nasogastric intubation
|
insertion of a tub through the nose into the stomach for various purposes
|
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antacid
|
drug that neutralizes stomach acid
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antiemetic
|
drug that prevents or stops vommiting
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antispasmodic
|
drug that decreases motility in the gastrointestinal tract to arrest spasm or diarrhea
|
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cathartic
|
drug that causes movement of the bowels; also called a laxative
|