Gastrointestinal. Gi Infections And Their Treatments

Front 1

What are the 4 most common etiologies of esophageal infection?

Back 1

1. Candida
2. CMV
3. HSV
4. Acute HIV

Front 2

what is the treatment for Candida?

Back 2

fluconazole

Front 3

what is the treatment for HSV?

Back 3

Acyclovir

Front 4

what is the treatment for CMV?

Back 4

Ganciclovir

Front 5

Whats being described?

Spiral shaped + flagella + urease production?

Back 5

H. Pylori

Front 6

Describe the mechanism, location, illness, and stool examination for:

Vibrio Cholera

Back 6

Mechanism: Noninflammatory (enterotoxin or adherence/superficial invasion)
Location: Proximal small bowel
Illness: Watery secretory diarrhea
Stool examination: No fecal luekocytes and no increased lactoferrin

Front 7

Describe the mechanism, location, illness, and stool examination for:

E. Coli (ETEC and EPEC)

Back 7

Mechanism: Noninflammatory (enterotoxin or adherence/superficial invasion)
Location: Proximal small bowel
Illness: Watery secretory diarrhea
Stool examination: No fecal luekocytes and no increased lactoferrin

Front 8

Describe the mechanism, location, illness, and stool examination for:

G. lamblia

Back 8

Mechanism: Noninflammatory (enterotoxin or adherence/superficial invasion)
Location: Proximal small bowel
Illness: Watery secretory diarrhea
Stool examination: No fecal luekocytes and no increased lactoferrin

Front 9

Describe the mechanism, location, illness, and stool examination for:

Rotavirus

Back 9

Mechanism: Noninflammatory (enterotoxin or adherence/superficial invasion)
Location: Proximal small bowel
Illness: Watery secretory diarrhea
Stool examination: No fecal luekocytes and no increased lactoferrin

Front 10

Describe the mechanism, location, illness, and stool examination for:

C. Perfringens

Back 10

Mechanism: Noninflammatory (enterotoxin or adherence/superficial invasion)
Location: Proximal small bowel
Illness: Watery secretory diarrhea
Stool examination: No fecal luekocytes and no increased lactoferrin

Front 11

Describe the mechanism, location, illness, and stool examination for:

E. Coli (EIEC and EHEC)

Back 11

Mechanism: Inflammatory - Exudative (invasion with cytotoxin)
Location: ileum
Illness: Dysentery
Stool Examination: Fecal PMN's and increased lactoferrin

Front 12

Describe the mechanism, location, illness, and stool examination for:

Salmonella (non-typhi)

Back 12

Mechanism: Inflammatory - Exudative (invasion with cytotoxin)
Location: ileum
Illness: Dysentery
Stool Examination: Fecal PMN's and increased lactoferrin

Front 13

Describe the mechanism, location, illness, and stool examination for:

Shigella

Back 13

Mechanism: Inflammatory - Exudative (invasion with cytotoxin)
Location: ileum
Illness: Dysentery
Stool Examination: Fecal PMN's and increased lactoferrin

Front 14

Describe the mechanism, location, illness, and stool examination for:

E. Hystolitica

Back 14

Mechanism: Inflammatory - Exudative (invasion with cytotoxin)
Location: ileum
Illness: Dysentery
Stool Examination: Fecal PMN's are absent because they are destroyed by amoeba and increased lactoferrin

Front 15

Describe the mechanism, location, illness, and stool examination for:

V. parahemolyticus

Back 15

Mechanism: Inflammatory - Exudative (invasion with cytotoxin)
Location: ileum
Illness: Dysentery
Stool Examination: Fecal PMN's and increased lactoferrin

Front 16

Describe the mechanism, location, illness, and stool examination for:

Salmonella (Typhi and paratyphi)

Back 16

Mechanism: Penetration beyond bowel
Location: distal small bowel
Illness: enteric fever
Stool Examination: Fecal mononuclear leukocytes

Front 17

Describe the mechanism, location, illness, and stool examination for:

Y. enterocolitica

Back 17

Mechanism: Penetration beyond bowel
Location: distal small bowel
Illness: enteric fever
Stool Examination: Fecal mononuclear leukocytes

Front 18

most common etiology of epidemic diarrhea in nurseries?

Back 18

E. coli

Front 19

what is the #1 priority in kids with diarrhea caused by E. coli?

Back 19

hydration, antibiotics may help shorten duration in very sick kids

Front 20

2 most common causes of weanling diarrhea?

Back 20

1. rotavirus
2. enterotoxigenic E. coli

Front 21

explain how rotavirus can cause perfuse watery diarrhea?

Back 21

directly attacks mature enterocytes and they are replaced by immature secretory cells which impairs absorption and increases secretions

Front 22

what is treatment for weanling diarrhea?

Back 22

mainly replace fluids

Front 23

what causes acute nausia and vomiting in winter months of temperate climates?

Back 23

Viruses, most notably rotoviruses in children and norwalk virus

Front 24

treatment of winter vomiting disease?

Back 24

supportive

Front 25

what is the agent that causes travelers diarrhea and what is the best treatment/prophylaxes?

Back 25

ETEC E. coli and treatment is quinolone

Front 26

what are the 3 main food poisoning agents?

Back 26

1. Clostridium perfringens
2. Bacillus cereus
3. Staphylococcus aureus

Front 27

what is the toxin type for clostridium perfringens?

Back 27

pore-forming toxin which increases bowel permeability and can also act as a superantigen

Front 28

what is the toxin type for Bacillus cereus?

Back 28

preformed toxin which stimulated cAMP formation

Front 29

what is the toxin type for Staph Aureus?

Back 29

preformed superantigen toxin

Front 30

what is the likely etiology of diarrhea in areas of poor sanitation?

Back 30

V. Cholera

Front 31

describe the toxin found with V. cholera infections?

Back 31

A/B-type toxin which stimulated cAMP production resulting in ion and water secretion into the bowel

Front 32

Give 2 antiobiotics used to treat V. Cholera

Back 32

1. tetracycline/doxycycline
2. Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole

Front 33

what is the cure for cryptosporidium?

Back 33

no good cure exists - can use nitazoxanide or macrolides to reduce shedding

Front 34

what is the treatment for a parasitic infection with cyclospora cayetanensis?

Back 34

Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole

Front 35

most frequent cause of antibiotic-resistant diarrhea and colitis (AAD and AAC) is?

Back 35

Clostridium difficile

Front 36

what are the 2 toxins produced by C. diff?

Back 36

Enterotoxin - disrupts cell-cell junctions increasing permeability
Cytotoxin - depolymerizes actin destroying cellular cytoskeletons

Front 37

what can cause C. diff to release a bunch of toxins and kill someone?

Back 37

the wrong antibiotics - clindamycin, broad spectrum penecillins and cephalosporins, fluoroquinilones

Front 38

what is the treatment of C. diff?

Back 38

metronidazole or vancomycin + hydration

Front 39

which particular strain of h. pylori has the most destructive capability?

Back 39

CagA+

Front 40

what is the significance of the VacA gene for H pylori?

Back 40

regulated by CagA and provides resistance to T-cell mediated destruction of H. pylori

Front 41

what increase in gastric adenocarcinoma + lymphoma are seen with H pylori and what process of the disease increases susceptibility?

Back 41

5-6 fold increase over general population and pangastritis (lower acid production) is a predisposing factor for gastric adenocarcinoma

Front 42

what is the treatment of H. pylori?

Back 42

2 or more of the following drugs plus and acid production inhibitor
1. amoxicillin
2. tetracycline
3. metronidazole
4. clarithromycin