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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Hematochezia |
Bright red blood in the stool |
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Melena |
Black tarry stool (blood in stool) |
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PUD (what's it stand for) |
Peptic ulcer disease |
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What does PUD cause/affect? |
*Affects upper GI system *gastric ulcers *duodenal ulcers |
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What does GERD stand for? |
Gastroesophageal reflux disease |
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What does GERD cause/affect? |
*affects upper gi system *acidic stomach contents back up (refluxes) into esophagus *causes esophageal ulcers |
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What causes PUD? |
*H. Pylori infection *possibly aggravated lifestyle |
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Symptoms of PUD |
Burning gnawing pain when the stomach is empty |
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What causes GERD? |
*lower esophageal sphincter (les) does not work correctly *chronic condition |
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Symptoms of GERD |
Dyspepsia |
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Treatment for GERD |
Drug therapy and lifestyle changes |
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Complications of GERD |
*inflammation, ulcers,bleeding of esophagus *esophageal stricture *barretts esophagus (precancerous cells) |
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Treatment for PUD |
Drug therapy and lifestyle changes |
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Lifestyle changes for PUD |
*avoid irritating foods *avoid caffeine *avoid excessive alcohol *quit smoking *limit excessive stress *avoid the use of NSAIDs |
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Lifestyle changes for GERD |
*avoid smoking *avoid large meals *avoid foods causing regurgitation; decrease dietary fat intake *weight control *elevate head of bed |
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Antacids (action, uses , contraindications, SE/AR) |
A: neutralizes gastric acid U: PUD, Gastritis, heartburn, hiatal hernia, GERD C: allergies SE/AR: diarrhea (mg), constipation (Al &Ca), excessive use systemic alkalosis, acid rebound |
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Antacids: interactions |
Will absorb drugs decreasing their effect, alter ph of the stomach which can increase or decrease absorption of drugs |
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Antacids: Nursing implications |
*Assessing for pain before and after *do not give other medications within 1-2 hours |
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Antacids prototype: |
AL- maalox, CA- tums, Mg-MOM |
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H2 receptor antagonist (action, uses, SE/AE, contraindications) |
A: blocks the H2 receptors located in the parietal cells (decreases secretion) U: gastric ulcers, GERD, UGI bleed, duodenal ulcers, Zollingerison syndrome SE/AE: low incidence of HA, confusion, dizziness,and drowsiness C: allergies |
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H2 receptor antagonist interactions |
Inhibits drug metabolizing enzymes in the liver so can increase: 1. Blood levels of Coumadin and dilantin 2. Smoking decreases effectiveness |
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H2 receptor antagonist nursing implications |
*take with meals or right after *assessment gastric pain *elderly for confusion *teach effects of smoking *avoid AS A, NSAIDs (unless low dose ASA for CV) *teach to take full course (not a cure change environment so healing can take place) *assess stool |
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H2 receptor antagonist prototype |
Cimetidine (Tagment) |
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Proton pump inhibitors prototype |
Protonix |
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When are proton pump inhibitors used? |
To treat GERD and PUD when H2 blockers are ineffective |
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Proton pump inhibitors (action, use, SE/AE) |
A: totally blocks secretion of gastric acid U: PUD, GERD SE/AE: Diarrhea, constipation, abdominal pain *long term use can lead to stomach infection |
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Antispasmodics (action, use, SE/AE, contraindications) |
A: decrease smooth muscle tone (decreasing spasticity), reduce mobility of the GI tract U: IBS, diverticulitis SE/AE: secretions decrease, dry mouth, flushing, urinary retention, constipation, tachycardia, confusion in elderly C: glaucoma, BPH, or obstructive disease of the GI tract |
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Antispasmodic interactions |
Increased anticholinergic effects when used with antidepressant |
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Antispasmodic nursing implications |
*assess mucus membranes *urinary retention (I&O) *heart rate *reduce doses in elderly |
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Antispasmodic prototype |
Bentyl |
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Antidiarrheals (action,uses, SE/AE, interaction) |
A: decrease GI mobility U: diarrhea SE/AE: CNS depression, drowsiness, lightheadedness, dizziness, constipation I: additive CNS depressant, ETOH, antihistamines, opiates, sedatives |
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Antidiarrheals nursing implications |
*assess stools (I&O, VS) *give lowest dose possible *not for under 2 *educate |
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Antidiarrheals prototype |
Lomotil |
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Laxatives (action, uses, contraindications, SE/AE, interaction) |
A: bulk forming, osmotic, chemical stimulant, stool softener lubricants U: treatment of constipation, preparation for bowel test or surgery C: bowel obstruction SE/AE: dependency, dehydration, diarrhea I: increased or decreased absorption of drug |
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Laxatives nursing implications |
*assess bowel sounds *assess stools *increase fluid intake *educate |
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Laxatives prototype |
Bulk forming - metamucil Osmotic - MOM or Mag citrate Stimulant - dulcolax Stool softener/fecal wetting - colace |
