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97 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what solubilizes cholesterol and bilirubin?
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bile acids AND lecithin
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which stones are radiopaque?
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pigment stones
cholesterol stones with calcification |
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mixed stones are radio_______
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lucent
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what cause pigmented stones?
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RCB hemolysis, hemoglobinopathies
alcoholic cirrhosis biliary infection |
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findings of Reye's syndrome?
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fatty liver
hypoglycemia coma |
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presents with associated polycythemia and hypoglycemia?
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HCC
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alpha-1 anti-trypsin deficiency can lead to...
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HCC
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ulcerative colitis is associated with what biliary tract condition?
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primary sclerosing cholangitis
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pruritis and xanthomas?
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primary biliary cirrhosis
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mitochondrial antibodies?
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primary biliary cirrhosis
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ascending cholangitis and bile lakes?
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secondary biliary cirrhosis
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Charcot's triad of cholangitis?
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jaundice
fever RUQ |
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can lead to secondary biliary cirrhosis?
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primary sclerosing cholangitis
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beading on ERCP?
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PSC
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conjugated hyperbilirubinemia due to defective liver excretion?
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Dubin-Johnson syndrome
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how do you treat Criggler-Najar Type I? Type II?
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plasmapheresis and phototherapy
phenobarbital |
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associated with stress?
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Gilbert's syndrome
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Findings of Criggler-Najar Type I?
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jaundice and kernicterus
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how is urobilinogen formed?
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directly from heme metabolism
or converted from direct bilirubin in bile by gut bugs |
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direct bilirubin is excreted into...
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urine and bile
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what is acholuria?
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absence of urine bilirubin.
characteristic of hemolytic jaundice |
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3 types of jaundice?
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hepatocellular
obstructive hemolytic |
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liver condition that results in CHF?
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hemochromatosis
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what happens to TIBC in hemochromatosis?
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reduced
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what does Prussian blue stain for?
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iron
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causes of liver cirrhosis
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alcohol
hemochromatosis Wilson's disease |
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autosomal recessive?
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Wilson's disease
hemochromatosis |
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penicillamine is for treating...
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Wilson's disease
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Budd-Chiari is caused by...
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polycythemia vera
pregnancy hepatocellular carcinoma |
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sclerosis around central vein,
fatty change? |
alcoholic hepatitis
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other names for AST/ALT?
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SGOT/SGPT
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Peutz-Jehgers is not a risk factor for...
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colorectal cancer
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which chronic inflammatory bowel disease is more associated with colorectal cancer?
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ulcerative colitis
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apple-core lesion on Xray?
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colorectal cancer
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increased risk with Down syndrome?
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duodenal atresia
Hirschsprung's disease |
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sigmoid colon?
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most common site for diverticula
redundant mesentery-->volvulus diverticulitis |
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what causes intussusception?
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intraluminal mass
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where do false diverticula occur?
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where vasa recta perforate muscularis externa
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associated with low fiber diets?
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diverticulosis
colorectal cancer |
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diverticulosis is ___________
diverticulitis is ___________ |
bloody, painless
painful |
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complications include severe stenosis, toxic megacolon, colorectal carcinoma?
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ulcerative colitis
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ankylosing spondylitis and uveitis is associated with?
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Crohn's disease
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"string-sign" on barium swallow?
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Crohn's disease
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etiology of UC? of CD?
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autommune for UC
infectious for CD |
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Virchow's and Krukenberg are from what cancer?
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stomach
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hypertrophy of Brunner's glands are seen in?
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duodenal ulcer
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achlorhydria
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associated with stomach cancer
seen in Type A (fundal) chronic gastritis |
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coffee-ground emesis indicates..
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acute (erosive) gastritis
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affects the proximal small bowel only?
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Celiac Sprue
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PAS-positive macrophages in the intestinal lamina propria?
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Whipple's disease
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besides liver disease, AST is found in...
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MI
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enzyme marker for various liver diseases?
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GGT
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associated with Chagas' disease?
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achalasia
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Meissner's and Auerbach's in __________
Just Auerbach's in __________ |
Hirshsprung's
Achalasia |
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progressive dysphagia?
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achalasia
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defect causing indirect inguinal hernia?
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failure of processus vaginalis to close
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what is direct bilirubin?
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conjugated to glucoronic acid
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hydrolizes alpha-1,4 linkages to yeild disaccharides?
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salivary amylase
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disease of intestinal and renal amino acid reabsorption?
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Hartnup's
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what digests starch?
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amylase
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receptors on the parietal cell?
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H2
M3 prostaglandin |
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where are short-chain FA absorbed?
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colon
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where is GIP made?
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K cells of duodenum
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what GI hormone is stimulated by all 3 nutrient classes?
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GIP
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increases insulin (oral glucose load absorbed more rapidly)?
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GIP
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where does secretin come from?
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S cells of the duodenum
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where does CCK come from?
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I cells of the duodenum
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where does gastrin come from?
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G cells of the ANTRUM of stomach
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what do phenylalanine and tryptophan do?
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stimualte gastrin
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parasympathetic innervation for salivation is via what?
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glossopharyngeal n.
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what lies outside the femoral sheath?
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femoral n.
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what does the femoral canal contain?
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deep inguinal lymph nodes
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defect in DNA repair?
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familial non-polyposis syndrome
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Turcot's syndrome?
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colonic polyps and CNS tumors
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what enzyme conjugates bilirubin?
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UDP-glucoronyl transferase
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which jaundice type causes increased urobilinogen?
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hemolytic
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what type of bilirubin is elevated in hepatocellular jaundice?
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both conjugated and unconjugated
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chronic transfusion can lead to...
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hemochromatosis
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triad of hemochromatosis?
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micronodular cirrhosis
pancreatic fibrosis skin pigmentation |
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phlebotomy to treat...
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hemochromatosis
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Mallory bodies are characteristic of...
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alcoholic hepatitis
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ALT>AST in...
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viral hepatitis
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false diverticula lack...
only __________ and _________ outpouch |
muscularis externa
mucosa and submucosa |
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when does pyloric stenosis present?
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2 weeks old
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what enzyme indicates mumps?
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amylase
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dilatation of the vitelline duct?
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omphalomesenteric cyst
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how does Meckel's diverticulum present?
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bleeding, intussusception, volvulus, obstruction near the terminal ileum
within first 2 years of life |
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what kind of hernia can be reduced by lying on the back?
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indirect
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actions of VIP?
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relaxes smooth muscle
decreases acid secretion stimulates bicarb |
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what does GIP do?
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decrease gastrin
increase insulin |
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what do prostaglandins regulate?
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decrease gastric acid secretion
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benign mixed tumor of salivary glands?
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pleomorphic adenoma
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what's special about Brunner's glands?
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they're the only GI submucosal glands
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double bubble sign on x-ray?
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duodenal atresia
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what does the hepatoduodenal liagment contain?
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hepatic a.
portal v. common bile duct |
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What is Boerhaave's syndrome?
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complete rupture of all 3 layers of the esophagus
presents as L pneumothorax |
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precursor to oral cancer?
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leukoplakia
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