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10 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the symptomatic treatment and the operative treatment for diffuse esophageal spasms?
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Symptomatic: nitrates and/or calcium channel blockers
Operative: esophageal myotomy |
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True or false: a serosa is similar to an adventitia, but a serosa is peritoneal and an adventitia is retroperitoneal.
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True
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What are the treatment options for squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus?
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Chemotherapy, radiation, and surgical resection.
If not suitable for surgery, then esophageal stent for palliation. |
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What percentage of lower GI bleeds are from an upper GI source?
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5-7%
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How do you diagnose peptic ulcers?
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Abdominal X-ray (rule out perforation by looking for free air under the diaphragm)
EGD with biopsy (rule out gastric cancer (10%)) H.pylori testing Serum gastrin levels if refractory |
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Which artery is usually perforated during untreated peptic ulcer disease?
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Gastroduodenal artery (runs posterior to antrum of stomach)
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What defines diarrhea?
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>200g feces/day along w/ increased frequency or decreased consistency
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What differentiates acute from chronic diarrhea?
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Acute: <2 weeks
Chronic: >4 weeks with insidious onset |
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What are the most common cause of the following meningitides: fungal, bacterial, and viral?
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Fungal: cryptococcus (Rx: amphotericin B and flucytosine, followed by fluconazole)
Bacterial: Strep. pneumo (Rx: ceftriaxone and vanc) Viral: Echovirus (Rx: acetaminophen and IV fluids) |
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What is the mortality rate of acute mesenteric ischemia?
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~50%
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