Gastroenterology Test 1

Front 1

What are the two compartments of the feline bulla?

Back 1

ventromedial
dorsolateral

Front 2

What is the most common type of vascular ring anomaly?

Back 2

persistant right aortic arch
90% of these

Front 3

Which artery runs along the greater curvature of the stomach?

Back 3

gastroepiploic and the short gastric arteries

Front 4

Which artery runs along the lesser curvature of the stomach?

Back 4

the gastric artery

Front 5

dental formula for a dog --- primary deciduous

Back 5

313
313
i c pm

Front 6

dental formula for a dog - secondary adult

Back 6

3142
3143
i c pm m

Front 7

dental formula for a cat - primary deciduous

Back 7

313
312
i c pm

Front 8

dental formula for a cat - secondary adult

Back 8

3131
3121
i c pm m

Front 9

plaque is made up of?

Back 9

organic, transparent, adhesive biofilm consisting of salivary glycoproteins, oral bacteria and extracellular polysaccharides

plaque is NOT a food residue

Front 10

normal flora of the mouth is composed of?

Back 10

gram positive and aerobic bacteria

Front 11

steps for a thorough dental cleaning

Back 11

preliminary exam and evaluation with client communication
supported general anesthesia with protected airway
oral exam and planning under anesthesia
gross calculus removal
subgingival calculus removal **** key to getting dz under control
periodontal probing
exam for missed plaque and calculus
periodontal dx and tx as needed (base on exam and rads)
polishing; sulcus irrigation; final charting; client education and home care

Front 12

what is doxi used for in periodontal disease treatment?

Back 12

used for its anti-inflammatory properties rather than the antibacterial properties

Front 13

which antibiotics are labeled for periodontal disease

Back 13

clindamycin and clavulanic acid/amoxicillin

you want something that works on anaerobes and gram negs

Front 14

5 categories of feline dental disease

Back 14

periodontal disease
tooth resorption
fractured teeth
feline gingivitis/stomatitis syndrome
oral neoplasia

Front 15

whenever you have persistent nasal discharge, you should _______________

Back 15

make sure you look at the teeth in case it is an oral nasal fistula!

Front 16

what is the pathogenesis of tooth resorption in the cat?

Back 16

activation of odontoclasts results in destruction and resorption of the tooth, often in its entirety
cause of excessive odontoclastic activity is unknown in this syndrome

Front 17

stage 1 tooth resorption

Back 17

lesion into cementum; difficult to detect clinically or radiographically

Front 18

stage 2 tooth resorption

Back 18

lesion into cementum, progressing coronally +/- apically into dentin

Front 19

stage 3 tooth resorption

Back 19

resorption advances into the pulp cavity

Front 20

stage 4 tooth resorption

Back 20

extensive structural damage with loss of integrity and possible tooth fracture

Front 21

stage 5a tooth resorption

Back 21

crown is missing with varying degree of root presence (intact, resorbing, or ghost)

Front 22

stage 5b tooth resorption

Back 22

crown is intact with roots extensively resorbed or missing, filled in by alveolar bone

Front 23

three possible treatments of tooth resorption in felines

Back 23

fluoride treatment and prophylaxis (grade 1 lesions)
restoration (filling)
extraction

Front 24

suspected causes of gingivitis/stomatitis in cats

Back 24

bacterial (bartonella), viral (calici virus), and immunologic processes suspected
---risk factors: purebred cats

Front 25

gingivitis/stomatitis in cats: histopathology

Back 25

shows a predominance of lymphocytes and plasmacytes along with varying degrees of PMNs

Front 26

exodontics

Back 26

branch of dentistry that deals with extraction of teeth

Front 27

what is an oronasal fistula

Back 27

deep maxillary periodontal pocket, usually the palatal aspect of maxillary canine teeth
infection progresses toward the tooth apex, resulting in lysis of the thin layer of bone that separates the palatal aspect of the root of a maxillary tooth and the nasal cavity or maxillary sinus

Front 28

what is dental caries?

Back 28

a microbial disease of calcified tissues of the tooth

Front 29

keys to successful extraction technique

Back 29

appropriate nerve blocks
severance of the gingival attachment circumferentially with a blade
surgical exposure of the site as needed
sectioning of multi-rooted teeth
gentle but thorough elevation of the tooth
full support of the head and anatomical site of extraction

Front 30

follow up care for dental extraction

Back 30

appropriate antibiotic therapy
control pain
soft diet for 2-3 weeks
flush flap site(s) with warm water following meals --more to get owner to check and make sure everything looks okay
no chew toys until healed (14-30 days)
recheck flaps in 7-10 days
home dental care

Front 31

indications for gastric surgery

Back 31

foreign bodies
gastrostomy tube --- nutritional supplementation
pyloric obstruction
neoplasia

Front 32

what are the anatomic areas of the stomach?

Back 32

cardia
fundus
body
pyloric antrum
greater curvature
lesser curvature

Front 33

preoperative considerations for gastrotomy

Back 33

dehydration
electrolyte abnormalities (hypokalemia/ H+)
metabolic alkalosis
aspiration pneumonia
esophagitis
peritonitis

Front 34

what is the holding layer of the GI tract

Back 34

the submucosa -- it is very tough ---- the esophagus doesn't have this layer

Front 35

how do you close the stomach after a gastrotomy

Back 35

close it in two layers
cushing on the mucosa
cushing on the serosa through the submucosa
***do not do a simple continuous -- you need to invert
use PDS or maxon (absorbable suture)

Front 36

gastrotomy complications

Back 36

rare --- decrease bacteria, increased vascular
peritonitis
pyloric obstruction

Front 37

Where are Gastrostomy tubes placed?

Back 37

do a ventral midline celiotomy
the tube is placed in the fundus
the fundus is sutured to the body wall
---you are creating a permanent adhesion b/w the body wall and the stomach

Front 38

Indications for Gastropexy

Back 38

clockwise rotation occurs -- 220-270 degrees
duodenum and pylorus end up ventrally and left
spleen can also torse
causes compression of the caudal vena cava and portal vein

Front 39

How do you reposition the stomach after torsion?

Back 39

simultaneous elevation of the pylorus and pushing the greater curvature towards the table
--- inspect the spleen and the stomach

Front 40

When the stomach torsion occurs, when you open up the animal if you see _____________ it means that it is a GDV, if you don't it is ____________.

Back 40

When the stomach torsion occurs, when you open up the animal if you see *omentum* it means that it is a GDV, if you don't it is *bloat*.

Front 41

How do you tell if the stomach is still viable?

Back 41

cut it and see if it bleeds --- if so, it is still viable

Front 42

When doing a gastropexy, you attach the ___________ to the ____________ body wall.

Back 42

When doing a gastropexy, you attach the pyloric antrum to the right body wall.

Front 43

How do you dx benign gastric outflow obstruction?

Back 43

endoscopy, barium series

Front 44

What is the purpose of a pyloroplasty?

Back 44

it is a full thickness incision where the tissue is reoriented to increase the diameter of the outflow tract

Front 45

What are the two types of pyloroplasty?

Back 45

Heineke-Mikulicz Pyloroplasty and Y-U Pyloroplasty
you will use a simple interrupted apposition suture here --- you don't want to invert the stomach in this case

Front 46

What is a Gastrinoma?

Back 46

it causes Gastrin-Zollinger Ellison Syndrome --- it is basically a tumor of the pancreas