Gastroenterology

Front 1

Dysphagia

Back 1

Difficultly in swallowing

Front 2

GERD

Back 2

GastroEsophageal Reflux Disease. Can cause heartburn and vomiting.

Front 3

Hematemesis

Back 3

The vomiting of blood. Blood turns "coffee-ground brown" when exposed to gastric juices, but bright red blood suggests a fresh hemorrhage.

Front 4

CVA (two medical definitions)

Back 4

Costovertebral angle (where the kidneys reside) or cerebrovascular accident (stroke)

Front 5

Pruritus

Back 5

Unpleasant sensation of the skin

Front 6

Dysuria

Back 6

Painful or difficult urination

Front 7

Arthralgia

Back 7

Pain in a joint

Front 8

Myalgia

Back 8

Muscular pain

Front 9

Barrett's Esophagus

Back 9

Lower esophagus disorder characterized by a ulcer-like lesion in the columnar epithelium. Caused by GERD, results in dysphagia and heartburn.

Front 10

Cecum

Back 10

Forms the first part of the large intestine

Front 11

Polyp

Back 11

Any growth or mass protruding from a mucous membrane

Front 12

Cirrhosis

Back 12

A chronic degenerative disease in which liver cells are damaged and replaced by scar tissue. Cirrhosis changes the structure of the liver and the blood vessels that nurture it, inhibiting the ability for the liver to create the necessary proteins and process hormones, medication, poisons, etc.

Front 13

EGD

Back 13

Esophagogastroduodenoscopy: Endoscopic examination of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum. For diagnosis.

Front 14

H. pylori

Back 14

Heliobacter pylori, produces urease and is associated with many gastroduodenal illnesses such as gastritis, gastric ulcers, duodenal ulcers, peptic ulcers, etc.

Front 15

Peritonitis

Back 15

Inflammation of the peritoneum

Front 16

Adhesion

Back 16

When bodily tissues that are normally separate grow together

Front 17

Fissure

Back 17

A long narrow opening

Front 18

Anastomosis

Back 18

The surgical connection of two tubular organs to form a continuous channel, such as in the intestine.

Front 19

Aneurysm

Back 19

An abnormal, blood-filled sac formed by the dilation of the wall of a blood vessel or heart ventricle, most commonly found in the abdominal aorta or intracranial arteries.

Front 20

Ascites

Back 20

An abnormal accumulation of serous fluid in the abdominal cavity.

Front 21

Barium Swallow Test

Back 21

A test that may be used to determine the cause of painful swallowing, difficulty with swallowing, abdominal pain, bloodstained vomit, or unexplained weight loss. Barium sulfate is a metallic compound that shows up on X-rays and is used to help see abnormalities in the esophagus and stomach

Front 22

Celiac Disease

Back 22

A chronic GI disease characterized by the intolerance to gluten and malabsorption from the small intestine, resulting in diarrhea, stools with high fat content, and nutritional and vitamin deficiencies.

Front 23

Colectomy

Back 23

Surgical removal of part or all of the colon

Front 24

Colitis

Back 24

Inflammation of the colon

Front 25

Ulcerative Colitis

Back 25

A serious chronic inflammatory disease of the large intestine and rectum characterized by recurring abdominal pain, fever, chills, and profuse diarrhea.

Front 26

Crohn's Disease

Back 26

Ileitis involving the terminal part of the ileum and characterized by abdominal pain, ulceration, and fibrous tissue buildup.

Front 27

Corticosteroids

Back 27

Cortisone and other hormones produced in the cortex of the adrenal gland. Corticosteroids help regulate the sugar and salt balance in the body.

Front 28

Diverticulosis

Back 28

A condition characterized by the presence of numerous diverticula in the colon

Front 29

Diverticulitis

Back 29

Inflammation of a diverticulum in the intestinal tract, causing fecal stagnation and pain

Front 30

Melena

Back 30

The passage of black, tarry stools composed largely of blood that has been acted on by gastric juices, indicative of a bleed in the upper GI tract.

Front 31

Hematochezia

Back 31

Passage of stool containing blood

Front 32

Hemoccult Card

Back 32

A test for blood not easily found

Front 33

Fecal Incontinence

Back 33

A lack of control over defecation

Front 34

Urgency

Back 34

Pressing necessity

Front 35

Tenesmus

Back 35

A painfully urgent but ineffectual attempt to urinate or defecate

Front 36

Fistula

Back 36

An abnormal duct or passage as a result of an injury, disease, or congenital disorder that connects one hollow organ to another.

Front 37

Hiatal Hernia

Back 37

A hernia in which part of the stomach protrudes through the esophageal opening of the diaphragm.

Front 38

Lipase

Back 38

Any group of enzymes that catalyzes the hydrolysis of fats into fatty acids or glycerol

Front 39

Amylase

Back 39

Any enzyme present in saliva and pancreatic juice that catalyzes the hydrolysis of starches and sugars to create carbohydrate derivatives.

Front 40

Pancreatitis

Back 40

Inflammation of the pancreas

Front 41

Urea Breath Test

Back 41

A diagnostic procedure to identify the presence of an infection of H. pylori.

Front 42

Varices

Back 42

An abnormally dilated vessel with a tortuous course.

Front 43

Polyphagia

Back 43

Excessive hunger or increased appetite

Front 44

Ileostomy

Back 44

A surgical opening of bringing the end of the small intestine to the surface of the skin.

Front 45

Alkaline Phosphatase

Back 45

A blood enzyme, if found in high levels it's indicative of liver failure.

Front 46

AST

Back 46

Aspartate transaminase: an enzyme that catalyzes the reversible transfer of an amino group from aspartate to α-ketoglutarate to form glutamate and oxaloacetate, requiring the coenzyme pyridoxal phosphate. High levels of AST are found in the blood when there is liver failure.

Front 47

ALT

Back 47

Alanine Transaminase: An enzyme that catalyzes the reversible transfer of an amino group from alanine to alpha-ketoglutarate to form pyruvate and glutamate. High levels of ALT are found in the blood when there is liver failure.

Front 48

ERCP

Back 48

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography: Endoscope is advanced into the duodenum, the biliary tract is cannulated, and a contrast medium is injected in order to demonstrate all parts of the biliary tree.

Front 49

MRCP

Back 49

Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography: Cholangiopancreatography using non-invasive method of magnetic resonance imaging.

Front 50

EUS

Back 50

Endoscopic Ultrasonography: sound waves are sent to the stomach wall from the end of an endoscopic probe. Resonant sound waves are translated to an image.

Front 51

Capsule Endoscopy

Back 51

A non-invasive endoscopy in which the patient swallows a pill containing a small camera that records images from the entire GI tract and is excreted through the feces.

Front 52

EGD

Back 52

Esophagogastroduodenoscopy: Endoscopic examination of the inside of the esophagus, stomach, and initial portion of the duodenum.

Front 53

Colonoscopy

Back 53

Endoscopic examination of the colon

Front 54

Flexible Sigmoidoscopy

Back 54

Visual examination of the lower third of the colon in search for polyps.