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284 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
symptoms of zinc deficiency
|
alopecia
taste abnormalities impaired wound healing |
|
|
Dx
benign boney overgrowth in the palate midline |
torus palatinus
|
|
|
complication of torus palatinus
|
mild trauma may cause ulceration
heals slowly because of deccreased blood supply |
|
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MC tumor of the salivary
|
pleomorphic adenoma
|
|
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what should be done in all patients with epigastric pain
|
EKG and serum enzymes
|
|
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what should be done with a foreign body stuck in the esophagus
|
remove with endoscope
unless in distal esophagus which we observe for excretion |
|
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how should a patient with dysphagia be worked up
|
barium swallow
EGD motility study |
|
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what is seen on histology of achalasia
|
hypertrophic inner circular muscles with absent or degenerating ganglionic cells of the myenteric plexus
|
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what is dysphagia
|
difficulty swallowing
|
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what is odynophagia
|
pain with swallowing
|
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what is the work up for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
|
barium
EGD PET |
|
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most accurate test for achalasia
|
monometry
|
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best initial test for achalasia
|
barium swallow
|
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why should endoscopy be done in patients with achalasia
|
to exclude malignancy
|
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what is cricopharyngeal dysfunction
|
failure of muscle to relax when swalling
|
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how is cricopharyngeal dysfunction diagnosed
|
video fluoroscopic swallowing study
|
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in the esophagus, what are the only two pathologies that require biopsy
|
cancer and barrets
|
|
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Rx options for achalasia
|
pneumatic dilation
botulinum toxin injection surgical sectioning or myotomy |
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what is a complication of myotomy when treating achalasia
|
GERD
|
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how long does botulinum toxin injection last when treating achalasia
|
3-6 months
|
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what is pseudochalasia
|
neoplasm near GE junction doesnt allow swallowing
|
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what is the best initial test for esophageal cancer
|
barium
|
|
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what is the most accurate test for esophageal cancer
|
endoscopy with biopsy
|
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what is used to detect spread of esophageal cancer
|
CT and MRI
|
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what is used to determine if esophageal cancer is resectable
|
PET
|
|
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Rx for esophageal cancer
|
surgical resection
chemo and radiation if unresectable, place a stent |
|
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what can precipitate esophegeal spasm
|
drinking cold fluids
|
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what is the most accurate test for esophageal spasm
|
manometry
|
|
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what are the two types of esophageal spasms
|
DES and nutcracker esophagus
|
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what is seen in manometry is DES
|
multiple simultaneous contractions of the middle and lower esophagus
|
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what is seen in manometry in nutcracker
|
repetitive, non peristaltic, high amplitude contractions
LES is normal |
|
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a/w corkscrew appearance on barium studies
|
esophageal spasm
|
|
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Rx that cause drug induced esophagitis
|
tetracyclines
aspirin NSAIDs bisphosphonates potassium Cl quinidine |
|
|
Rx for esophageal spasm
|
CCB and nitrates
|
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|
Triad for PVS
|
esophageal webs
iron deficiency glossitis |
|
|
how is schatzki rings Dx
|
barium studies
|
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what is another name for schatzki ring
|
peptic stricture
|
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what can cause a schatzki ring
|
acid reflux
|
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|
schatzki rings are a/w
|
hiatal hernia
and intermittent dysphagia |
|
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what is a sliding hiatal hernia
|
GE junction and stomach are displaced through diaphragm
|
|
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what is a paraesophageal hiatal hernia
|
stomach protrudes through diaphragm
|
|
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Rx for schatzki ring
|
pneumatic dilation
|
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Rx for PVS
|
iron replacement
|
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complication of zenker diverticulum
|
aspiration pneumonia
|
|
|
what causes a zenkers diverticulum
|
incoordination between UES contraction and pharyngeal contraction
causes herniation of mucosa via pulsion mechanism |
|
|
Rx for zenker diverticulum
|
cricopharyngeal myotomy
|
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how is zenkers diverticulum diagnosed
|
barium
|
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how is scleroderma of the esophagus diagnosed
|
manometry
|
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Rx for scleroderma of the esophagus
|
PPIs
|
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how is esophageal perforation confirmed
|
barium
|
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what is seen on barium of esophageal perforation
|
contrast leaking out
|
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what is mallory weiss tear
|
tear in submucosal arteries
|
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how are severe bleeds of mallory weiss Rx
|
epinephrine or electrocautery
|
|
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how is mallory weiss Dx
|
endoscopy
|
|
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a/w crepitus or snap crackle pop on palpation of the subclavian area
|
esophageal perforation
|
|
|
MCC of epigastric pain
|
non ulcer dyspepsia
|
|
|
Dx
epigastric pain a/w tenderness |
pancreatitis
|
|
|
Dx
epigastric pain a/w bad taste, cough and hoarse |
GERD
|
|
|
Dx
epigastric pain a/w diabetes and bloating |
gastroparesis
|
|
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after cardiac problems have been ruled out for epigastric pain, what should be next
|
endoscopy
|
|
|
Rx for infantile GERD
|
beast milk or formula mixed with cereal
usually resolves in a year |
|
|
how is GERD diagnosed
|
patient history
if unclear do an endoscopy if negative, do 24 hour pH monitoring |
|
|
when is endoscopy indicated
|
signs of obstruction
weight loss anemia heme positive stools more than 5 years with symptoms |
|
|
what is pyrosis
|
heart burn
|
|
|
Dx
endoscopy shows symmetric, circumferential narrowing |
stricture
|
|
|
Rx for GERD not responsive to medical therapy
|
nissen fundoplication
-wrapping of stomach around LES endocinch -suture LES to tighten it local heat or radiation of LES -scars |
|
|
how long does it take for barrets esophagus to develop
|
5 years of reflux
|
|
|
what is barrets esophagus
|
columnar metaplasia
|
|
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how is barrets diagnosed
|
biopsy
|
|
|
Rx for duodenal hematoma
|
nasogastric suctioning with TPN
-resolves in 1-2 weeks |
|
|
how is duodenal hematoma Dx
|
CT with oral contrast
|
|
|
Rx for barrets metaplasia
|
PPIs
endoscopy every 2-3 years |
|
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Rx for barrets low grade dysplasia
|
PPIs
endoscopy every 6-12 months |
|
|
Rx for barrets high grade dysplasia
|
radiofrquency ablation
|
|
|
atrophic gastritis is a/w
|
pernicious anemia (B12 def)
|
|
|
characteristics of gastritis Type A
|
fundus
autoimmune decrease gastric acid anemia |
|
|
characteristics of gastritis Type B
|
antrum
H pylori increased gastric acid ulcers and cancer |
|
|
how is gastritis Dx
|
endoscopy
and test for H pylori |
|
|
most accurate test for H pylori
|
endoscopic biopsy
|
|
|
what H pylori tests are positive only during active infection
|
breath test
stool antigen |
|
|
what H pylori tests are positive during active and previous infections infection
|
serology
|
|
|
when is stress ulcer prophylaxis indicated
|
mechanical ventilation
burns head trauma coagulopath |
|
|
MCC of PUD
|
1) H pylori
2) NSAIDs |
|
|
most accurate test for PUD
|
endoscopy
|
|
|
Rx for PUD
|
PPIs
eradicate H pylori |
|
|
best initial Rx for H pylori
|
PPI
clarithromycin amoxicillin -(PCN allergic may use metronidazole) If resistant add busmuth |
|
|
next step in a patient with DU that is not responding to Rx
|
add sucralfate
|
|
|
what shoudl be done in refractory cases of PUD
|
check gastrin level for ZES
|
|
|
next step in a patient with GU that is not responding to Rx
|
endoscopy to exclude cancer
|
|
|
Causes of PUD failured treatment
|
alcohol
smoking NSAIDs |
|
|
what is needed to suspect non ulcer dyspepsia
|
one or more
-epigastric pain -post prandial fullness -early satiety -abdominal burning, nausea, bloating (normal endoscopy) |
|
|
when should a patient with dyspepsia get an endoscopy
|
over 55 yo
alarm symptoms like -dysphagia -weight loss -anemia |
|
|
next step in px <45 yo with dyspepsia
|
PPI
serology for H pylori endoscopy if symptoms dont resolve |
|
|
Dx
px with postprandial pain, vomiting and early satiety |
gastric outlet syndrome
|
|
|
what is gastric outlet syndrome a/w
|
malignancy
ulcers crohns strictures caustic agents |
|
|
Dx
px is rocked back and forth and an abdominal succussion splash is heard |
gastric outlet syndrome
can also be diabetic gastroparesis |
|
|
how is gastric outlet syndrome diagnosed
|
upper endoscopy
|
|
|
why does ZES cause diarrhea
|
acid inactivates lipase
|
|
|
characteristics of ZES (gastrinoma)
|
prominant gastric folds
ulcers in distal duadenum and beyond larger than 2 cm recurrent after H pylori eradication |
|
|
best initial test for ZES
|
endoscopy
|
|
|
most accurate test for ZES
|
secretin test
-high gastric levels despite secretin |
|
|
what is done if secretin test is negative in ZES
|
Calcium infusion test
|
|
|
what gastrin levels are diagnostic of ZEZ
|
>1000
|
|
|
what is done if gastrin levels cant diagnose ZES
|
secretin test
|
|
|
what is done after ZES is diagnosed
|
exclude metastatic disease with
somatostatin recpetor scintigraphy with endoscopic US |
|
|
how is ZES Rx
|
local disease is removed
metastatic disease recieves lifelong PPIs |
|
|
what are the cancers of MEN1
|
pancreatic
pituitary parathyroid |
|
|
most accurate test for diabetic gastroparesis
|
nuclear gastric emptying study
|
|
|
Rx for diabetic gastroparesis
|
erythromycin and metoclopramide
|
|
|
what divides an upper and lower GI bleed
|
ligament of teitz
|
|
|
what determines of a px has orthostasis
|
10 point rise in pulse when going from laying down to standing up
or BP drops 20 points when going from laying down to standing up |
|
|
when should packed RBC be given to a patient with GI bleed
|
hemtocrit below 30 if
-CAD -old if not hematocrit below 20-25 |
|
|
when should platelets be given to px with GI bleed
|
if bleeding and below 50,000
if not, not until below 10,000-20,000 |
|
|
Rx to prevent subsequents bleeds from esophageal or gastric varices
|
propanolol
|
|
|
Rx for esophageal or gastric varices
|
octreotide
banding |
|
|
Rx for esophageal or gastric varices that cant be controlled with octreotide or banding
|
TIPS
|
|
|
what is seen on histology of those with laxative abuse
|
melanosis coli
pigmented macrophages |
|
|
what is a/w dark brown discoloration with lymph follicles shining through pale patches
|
laxative abuse
|
|
|
best initial test for pseudomembranous colitis
|
stool toxin test
|
|
|
most accurate test for pseudomembranous colitis
|
PCR
|
|
|
best initial Rx for pseudomembranous colitis
|
metronidazole
|
|
|
Rx for pseudomembranous colitis that doesnt respond to metro
|
switch to vancomycin or fidoxomicin
|
|
|
Rx for recurrent episode of pseudomembranous colitis
|
metro
|
|
|
Dx
px develops malabsorption after a surgery |
bacterial overgrowth
|
|
|
most accurate test to Dx bacterial overgrowth
|
jejunal aspirate with endoscopy
|
|
|
what cant a patient with celiac disease eat
|
wheat
barley rye |
|
|
antibodies a/w celiac disease
|
anti gliadin
anti endomysium anti transglutaminase |
|
|
Rx for tropical sprue
|
folic acid and tetracyclines
|
|
|
Rx for dermatitis herpetiform in celiace disease
|
dapsone
|
|
|
best initial Dx test for celiace disease
|
anti transglutaminase Ab
|
|
|
most accurate Dx test for celiace disease
|
small bowel biopsy
|
|
|
what is seen on biopsy of celiac disease
|
flattening of villi
|
|
|
most accurate test for whipples disease
|
small bowel biopsy
|
|
|
most accurate test for tropical sprue
|
small bowel biopsy
|
|
|
Rx for whipples
|
ceftriaxone
or TMP-SMX |
|
|
what is seen on biopsy of whipples
|
PAS +, non acid fast macrophage inclusions
(foamy macrphages) |
|
|
why must biopsy be done in celiac disease
|
to exclude lymphoma
|
|
|
Dx test for malabsorption secondary to pancreatic insufficiency
|
stool elastase
|
|
|
most accurate test for chronic pancreatitis
|
secretin stimulation test
|
|
|
best initial Dx test for chronic pancreatitis
|
imaging
-x ray -ERCP -CT/MRI |
|
|
next step in a px with pancreatitis that CT shows air in the stomach
|
NG tube
(ileus causing GI stasis) |
|
|
Dx
px has liver abscess with pleuritic pain to the should aspirate is sterile |
E histolytica
|
|
|
Rx for E histolytica
|
metro
|
|
|
Dx
px with necrotic migratory erythema |
gucagonoma skin rash
|
|
|
Rx for insulinoma
|
diazoxide
octreotide |
|
|
triad for glucoganoma
|
hyperglycemia
weight loss dermatitis |
|
|
best initial test for glucagonoma
|
fasting glucose and glucogon levels
|
|
|
most accurate test for glucagonoma
|
CT
|
|
|
when should drainage of pancreatic pseudocyst be done
|
>6 weeks
>5 cm in diameter infected |
|
|
signs associated with hemorrhagic pancreatitis
|
grey turner
-bluish color on flanks cullen -bluish color in periumbilicus |
|
|
drugs that cause drug indiced pancreatitis
|
furosemide and thiazides
sulfa, tetracyclines, metro azathioprine valproate didanosine pentamidine |
|
|
what is a pancreatic pseudocyst lined by
|
granulation tissue
lack epithelial lining and are walled by fibrous capsule |
|
|
best initial Dx test for carcinoid
|
urinary 5HIAA test
|
|
|
first line Rx for carcinoid
|
surgical removal
|
|
|
Rx for carcinoid that cant be removed
|
octreotide
|
|
|
what intestinal pathologies are not a/w weight loss
|
irritable bowel syndrome
lactose intolerance |
|
|
how is lactose intolerance confirmed
|
hydrogen breath test
|
|
|
what symptoms can suggest IBS
|
improvement after obstaining from lactose
acidic stool pH presence of positive reducing sugars |
|
|
Dx
associated with passage of mucous (no blood or WBC) and a sense of incomplete emptying or bloating |
IBS
|
|
|
Rx for constipation IBS
|
lubiprostone
|
|
|
Rx for diarrhea IBS
|
loperamide
|
|
|
Rx for IBS
|
fiber
antispasmotics -hyoscyamine -dicyclomine TCA |
|
|
symptoms suggestive of IBD
|
diarrhea
weight loss fever blood in stool |
|
|
what can be used as an indication of disease activity in UC
|
erythema nodosum
|
|
|
Dx
px with UC develops increase alk phosph level |
sclerosing cholangitis
|
|
|
when is a px with UC at increased risk for cancer
|
developing sclerosing cholangitis
|
|
|
when should colonoscopoes be started in px with IBD
|
after 8-10 year
done every 1-2 years |
|
|
IBD a/w ASCA
|
CD
|
|
|
IBD a/w ANCA
|
UC
|
|
|
Dx
px with IBD shows colonic dilation >6 cm on radiology |
toxic megacolon
|
|
|
criteria for toxic megacolon Dx
|
fever
HR >120 netrophil >10,500 anemia |
|
|
what happens as UC progresses
|
rectum loses elasticity and lumen collapses
this leads to tenesmus |
|
|
most accurate Dx test fro IBD
|
endoscopy when disease can be reached
if cant be reached perform barium if still unclear perform serology |
|
|
Rx for acute exacerbation of IBD
|
steroids
|
|
|
Rx for chronic maintenance of remission in IBD
|
mesalamine
|
|
|
what is used to wean px off steroids in IBD
|
azathioprine and 6MP
|
|
|
Rx for perianal CD
|
ciprofloxacin and metro
|
|
|
Rx for CD a/w fistula
|
anti TNF agents
if not surgery |
|
|
Rx for IBD not responsive to initial therapy
|
anti TNF agents
|
|
|
MCC of GI bleed in elderly
|
diverticulosis
|
|
|
most accurate test for diverticulosis
|
colonoscopy
|
|
|
where at diverticuli most commonly found
|
sigmoid
|
|
|
best initial test for diverticulitis
|
CT scan
|
|
|
Rx for abscess a/w diverticulitis
|
<3 cm = antibiotics
>3cm = CT guided drainage -if symptoms remain after 5 days, drain and debride |
|
|
Rx to decrease progressions and complications of diverticulosis
|
bran
psyllium methylcellulose fiber |
|
|
when is surgery the answer for diverticulitis
|
no response to medical therapy
frequently recurrent infections perforation, fistula, abscess, stricture, obstruction |
|
|
what are the watershed areas of the colon
|
splenic flexure
rectosigmoid junction |
|
|
when should colon cancer screening be started
|
at the age of 50 done every 10 years
|
|
|
when should colonoscopy be started in a px with HNPCC
|
at the age of 25 done every 1-2 years
|
|
|
when should colonoscopys be done to an individual whos family member got colon cancer at 50
|
10 prior to their diagnosis done every 5 years
|
|
|
what is the genetic abnormality in FAP
|
APC gene
|
|
|
when should colonoscopy be started in a px with FAP
|
at the age of 12 done every year
|
|
|
Dx
colonoscopy shows thousands of polyps |
FAP
|
|
|
characteristics of a high risk polyp
|
villous
sessile >2.5 cm |
|
|
which polyps are benign and do not require workup
|
hyperplastic polyps
|
|
|
when should colonoscopy be done in a patient with single adenomatous polyp
|
every 3-5 years
|
|
|
when should colonoscopy be done in a patient with previous colon cancer
|
1 year after resection
then 3 years then 5 years |
|
|
what are the findings in multiple hemartoma syndrome
|
GI hamartomas
Breast cancer thyroid cancer nodular gingival hyperplasia |
|
|
what cancers is peutz jeghers a/w
|
breast
gonadal pancreatic |
|
|
cancers a/w gardners
|
colon
osteomas desmoid |
|
|
cancers a/w turcot
|
colon
medulloblastoma/glioma |
|
|
what is cronkhite canada syndrome
|
juvenile polyps with
-alopecia -hyperpigmentation -nail loss (onycholysis) |
|
|
which colon pathologies do not require increased frequency of colon cancer screening
|
peutz jeghers
gardner turcot juvenile polyposis |
|
|
symptoms of VIPoma
|
diarrhea
hypokalemia (leg cramps) decreased stomach acid |
|
|
Dx
px with epigastric pain that goes straight to the back "like a spear" |
pancreatitis
|
|
|
what is a/w the worst prognosis in pancreatitis
|
low calcium
|
|
|
best initial test in pancreatitis
|
amylase and lipase
|
|
|
most specific test for pancreatitis
|
CT
|
|
|
what correlates to the severity of pancreatitis
|
degree of necrosis of CT
|
|
|
what is considered extensive necrosis in pancreatitis
|
>30%
|
|
|
what needs to be done in pancreatitis with extensive necrosis
|
needle biopsy
and start imipenum |
|
|
what is ERCP used for in pancreatitis
|
determine etiology
remove obstructing stone place a stent |
|
|
what should be suspected in a px with increased alk phosph and normal GGT
|
bone pathology
|
|
|
what should be done if GB is calcified on imaging
|
biopsy (suspect cancer)
|
|
|
MCC of liver function abnormality
|
acetomenophen
|
|
|
Dx
rapid massive increase in transaminase and only a modest increase in bilirubin and alk phosph |
ischemic hepatic injury (shock liver)
|
|
|
what should all patients with chronic liver disease be immunized for
|
hep A and B
|
|
|
Rx for ascites
|
Na and water restriction
spironolactone loops frequent paracentesis |
|
|
pathologies a/w SAAG <1.1
|
infection (except spontaneous peritonitis)
cancer nephrotic syndrome |
|
|
pathologies a/w SAAW >1.1
|
portal HTN
CHF hepatic vein thrombosis constrictive pericarditis |
|
|
what is spontaneous bacterial peritonitis
|
infection without perforation
|
|
|
best initial test for spontaneous peritonitis
|
paracentesis that shows >250 neutrophils
|
|
|
most accurate test for spontaneous peritonitis
|
fluid culture
|
|
|
Rx for spontaneous peritonitis
|
ceftriaxone
|
|
|
risk factors for GB carcinoma
|
chronic GB inflammation
history of gallstones salmonella typhi carrier |
|
|
Dx
calcium laden GB with bluish color and brittle consistency |
GB carcinoma
|
|
|
Rx for hepatorenal syndrome
|
somatostatin (octreotide)
midodrine |
|
|
Dx
px develops hypoxia upon sitting upright |
hepatopulmonary syndrome
|
|
|
most accurate test for alcoholic liver disease
|
liver biopsy
|
|
|
symptoms of budd chiari
|
occlusion of IVC
-ascites -hepatomegaly -jaundice |
|
|
work up for HCC
|
AFP
then imaging then biopsy |
|
|
Dx
benign tumor seen in a young girl on OCP |
hepatic adenoma
|
|
|
what teratogens are a/w hepatic angiosarcoma
|
vinyl chloride
arsenic thorium |
|
|
Rx for e granulosa liver cyst
|
resection and albendazole
|
|
|
Dx
liver cyst that shows egg shell calcification on CT |
hydatid cyst (e granulosa)
|
|
|
what is acute acalculous cholecystitis
|
inflammation of GB without gallstone
|
|
|
how is acalculous cholecystitis Dx
|
US
CT and HIDA are better |
|
|
what may cause acalculous cholecystitis
|
burns
trauma prolonged TPN or fasting mechanical ventilation |
|
|
what is the most accurate test for primary biliary cirrhosis
|
liver biopsy
|
|
|
Dx
40 yo female with itchin, jaundice, elevated alk phosph and xanthomas |
primary biliary cirrhosis
|
|
|
most accurate blood test for primary biliary cirrhosis
|
antimitochondrial Ab
|
|
|
Rx for primary biliary cirrhosis
|
ursodeoxycholic acid
MTX colchicine |
|
|
auto Ab a/w primary sclerosing cholangitis
|
pANCA
|
|
|
Dx
px with IBD who develops pruritis, elevated alk phosph and GGT and bilirubin |
primary sclerosing cholangitis
|
|
|
most accurate test for primary sclerosing cholangitis
|
ERCP
|
|
|
what is seen on ERCP in primary sclerosing cholangitis
|
"pearls on a string"
beading of biliary system |
|
|
Rx for primary sclerosing cholangitis
|
cholestyramine
ursodeoxycholic acid |
|
|
what is seen on histology in A1AT def
|
hepatocytes that stain with PAS and are resistant to diastase
|
|
|
how is A1AT def Dx
|
measure serum enzyme level
followed by genetic tests |
|
|
where is iron absorbed
|
duodenum
|
|
|
most serious complication of hemochromatosis
|
HCC
|
|
|
what is seen in joints of px with hemochromatosis
|
squared off bone ends
osteophytes that look like hooks |
|
|
what organisms are known to feed off iron
|
vibrio
yersinia listeria |
|
|
best initial test for hemochromatosis
|
iron studies
|
|
|
what is seen in iron studies in hemochromatosis
|
increased iron and ferritin
decreased TIBC |
|
|
most accurate test for hemochromatosis
|
liver biopsy
|
|
|
what should be done before liver biopsy in hemochromatosis px
|
MRI and genetic tests
|
|
|
best Rx for hemochromatosis
|
phlebotomy
|
|
|
when are iron chelating agents used in hemochromatosis
|
cannot manage with phlebotomy
anemic and have hemochromatosis from overtransfussion (such as thalassemia) |
|
|
when is hep E most damaging in pregnancy
|
third trimester
|
|
|
before what years should patients on blood transfusion be screens for hepatitis
|
1986
|
|
|
what is seen in acute viral hepatitis
|
bridging fibrosis
|
|
|
what should be done if a mother is detected to have HCV in colostrum
|
nothing, cant transmit this way
|
|
|
what happens with superinfection with Hep D
|
increased transaminase levels
|
|
|
best way to determine viral activity in viral hepatitis
|
PCR
|
|
|
Rx for hep B
|
antiviral
|
|
|
Rx for hep C
|
IFN
ribavirin PI |
|
|
SE of IFN
|
arthralgia
thrombocytopenia depression leukopenia |
|
|
SE of ribavirin
|
anemia
|
|
|
SE of adefovir
|
renal disfunction
|
|
|
SE of bocepevir
|
anemia
|
|
|
SE of telaprevir
|
Rash
|
|
|
another name for wilsons
|
hepatolenticular degeneration
|
|
|
what is wilsons a/w
|
fanconis
hemolytic anemia neuropathy |
|
|
best initial test for wilsons
|
slit lamp test
|
|
|
most accurate test fro wilsons
|
increased urine copper after penicillamine
|
|
|
Rx for wilsons
|
B6
zinc trientine penicillamine |
|
|
best initial test for autoimmune hepatitis
|
ANA
LKM Ab smooth muscle Ab |
|
|
most accurate test for autoimmune hepatitis
|
liver biopsy
|
|
|
Rx for autoimmune hepatitis
|
prednisone
azathioprine |
|
|
what is seen on biopsy of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
|
microvascular fatty deposits
|
|
|
most accurate test for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
|
biopsy
|
|
|
nonalcoholic steatohepatitis is a/w
|
obesity
DM hyperlipidemia steroid use |
|
|
Rx for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
|
Rx underlying cause
ursodeoxycholic acid |
