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53 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is barometric pressure? |
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What is fractional concentration? What is partial pressure? What is total pressure (Dalton's)? |
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Fractional percentages of air we breath? |
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Know how to determine partial pressure. |
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What do you have to do if water (humidified air) is involved? What is partial pressure of water vapor? |
Heated water vapor |
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Know how to determine partial pressure of gases once they get into trachea. |
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How do you calculate partial pressure of oxygen and nitrogen in INSPIRED are on Mt. Everest (250 torr)? |
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What is the equation for minute ventilation? What does it mean? |
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What does dead space mean? What are the three types of dead space? |
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Define anatomic dead space. Does it participate in gas exchange? What fills anatomic dead space? If 500 ml breath take, alveoli will expand by ____ but amount to fresh gas delivered to alveoli will be __________ |
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What is alveolar dead space?
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Look over |
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What is physiologic dead space the sum of? What does it equal? Another word for it? |
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What is dead space normally? Approximation? Normal tidal volume? Is dead space static? How does it change with lung volume and exercise? Is increased always pathologic? Example. |
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What does alveolar gas equation estimate? Necessary for interpretation of what? What does it help determine? |
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What do these terms mean? |
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CO2 produced by body is eliminated solely by _______. Alveolar O2 is a balance of what two processes? What is tissue O2 consumption (number value per minute)? |
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What is alveolar gas equation? What is R normally? When on 100% O2? |
Normal = .8 100% O2 = 1 |
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What is the alveolar gas equation under normal conditions? |
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How does the alveolar pressure change with hyper and hypo ventilation? |
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How is PaO2 measured? How is alveolar oxygen measured? How is the A-a difference calculated? What does widened A-a difference indicate? |
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First step of using alveolar gas equation (when you do a blood gas) |
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Step #2? |
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What is normal A-a difference? Formula? Does it increase or decrease with age? |
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What is hypoxemia? Two things it results from? |
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Difference between normal A-a difference and widened A-a difference (disease, PiO2, ventilation, shunt)? Three mechanisms that cause widened A-a difference. |
Low V/Q (good flow but low ventilation) |
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Make card |
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What is a good measure of alveolar ventilation? |
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How does O2 move from alveolus to capillary blood? What is Fick's law? What is diffusion capacity? |
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Make card |
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What is RBC pulmonary capillary transit time? Normal RBC equilibrium time? Hypoxemia only occurs if what (two things -> DLO2 and transit time) Does abnormal diffusion cause hypoxemia at rest? What eliminates effects of diffusion limitation? |
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R-L shunt: Fraction of venous blood bypasses what? What mixture causes hypoxemia? What are two cardiac shunts? What is an example of a pulmonary shunt? Does hypoxemia correct with increased FiO2 (100% O2)? |
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Shunt = given O2 and didn't correct |
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How does V/Q change from apex to base? What is overall V/Q of the lung? |
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Two causes of low V/Q (most extreme example of low)? Cause of high V/Q (most extreme example of high V/Q)? |
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All correct except D.
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What is shown? (Normal or abnormal)? |
Normal CXR |
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What is this? |
Normal alveoli |
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What is shown? |
Pulmonary edema Low V/Q Fluid fills alveolus and behaves a shunt |
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What is shown? |
Low V/Q + shunt |
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What is shown here? |
Pulmonary edema Low V/Q + shunt |
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What is shown? |
Interstitial lung disease Low V/Q Fibrosis "brown glass with white haze?" |
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What is this? |
Pulmonary fibrosis Low V/Q and diffusion limitation |
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Review! |
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