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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is the gas exchange surface in humans |
alveoli |
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what do gas exchange surfaces need to be |
efficient |
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what are the four characteristics of an efficient gas exchange surface |
1. thin - less distance for gas to travel 2. numerous and flexible - increase surface area over which gas exchange occurs 3. close to blood supply - less distance 4. moist - to dissolves the gasses so they can easily be exchanged through the semi-permeable membrane |
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what are spiracles |
opening where gasses pass into the insect |
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what does the trachea subdivide into in the insect tracheal system |
a network of tracheoles |
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what are air sacs for in insects |
storage of gass for later use |
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why is the insect gas exchange system efficient |
1. numerous and flexible - the tracheoles are able to reach every cell in the body of the insect; a large surface area 2. thin - less distance 3. close to blood supply - there is no blood supply in insects but the tracheal system does the same job, in fact it reduces the need to transfer twice but rather once 4. moist - allows the gasses to dissolve and pass through easily |
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what is the gas exchange surface in earth worms |
skin |
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why is the gas exchange efficient on earth worms |
1. moist in the soil 2. very thin 3. close to blood supply - less distance 4. long and thin body - large surface area to volume ratio |
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what is bronchitis |
the inflammation of bronchial tubes, resulting in difficulty breathing |
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what causes bronchitis |
viruses, bacteria, dust, Tobacco smoke trapped in the tubes |
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how does bronchitis affect the efficiency of gas exchange |
the amount of oxygen getting to the lungs is reduced and carbon dioxide out. therefore less oxygen is able to get diffused - causing fatigue |
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what is pneumothorax |
lungs collapsing |
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what causes pneumothorax |
gas in the pleural cavity |
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how does pneumothorax affect the efficiency of gas exchange |
- oxygen cannot get to the lungs where diffusion has to take place - the surface area is severely decreased - is no longer close to the blood supply |
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what is the thickness of the lungs |
0.5um |
