Gapcom 4/12 Bacterial Metabolism And Genetics (X)

Front 1

list bacterial requirements for cell growth

Back 1

1. carbon
2. nitrogen
3. energy source
4. water
5. certain ions (IRON is essential)
[Note: oxygen is not always requried for bacteria]

Front 2

list oxygen requirements for bacteria

Back 2

1. anaerobe - grow in absence of O; use fermentation.
2. facultative anaerobe - carries out aerobic respiration, can switch to fermentation in absence of O
3. microaerophilic - requires low levels of O
4. obligate aerobe - only carries out aerobic respiration

Front 3

3 pathways to energy formation from pyruvate

Back 3

1. fermentation - least energy, by facultative anaerobes.
2. aerobic respiration - highest yield ATP, involves TCA & oxidative phosphorylation, cytochromes on bacterial cell membrane, oxygen final e- acceptor
3. anaerobic respiration - not as efficient as aerobic respiration. non-oxygen inorganic molec final e- acceptor (ex. No2, H2S)

Front 4

most bacterial pathogens use oxygen in what way?

Back 4

facultative anaerobe

Front 5

define operon

Back 5

groups of one or more genes expressed from a promoter and ending with a stop codon

Front 6

lytic and lysogenic bacteriophages

Back 6

1. lysogenic (temperate) infection can lead to cell lysis or integration of phage DNA into the chromosome
2. lytic (virulent) rapid replication: 20 min. from infection to lysis. leads to cell death and production of new phage.

Front 7

define transposons

Back 7

genetic elements mediate their own transfer to another location on chrom, to plasmid, or to another unrelated bacteria

Front 8

describe evolution of methycillin and vancomycin resistant Staph. aureus

Back 8

transition from MSSA to MRSA. ...more?

Front 9

Contrast transformation, transduction and conjugation.

Back 9

1.transformation - take up naked DNA and integrate
2.transduction - donor DNA carried to recepient by a phage
3.conjugation - bacterial sex with pilus