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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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spermiogenesis
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turning the round spermatid into a tadpole shaped spermatozoa
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spermatogenesis starts with?
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spermatogonia
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spermatid
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round cell
in respone to Bcl-2 family gene products they begin maturation |
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What happens to the organelles in the spermatid to the spermatozoa?
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nucleus becomes condensed
contriole becomes basal body for flagellum golgi apparatus forms acrosome |
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acrosome
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contains digestive enzymes
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What powers the sperm?
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the mitochondria in the mid-piece
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What moves the sperm?
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microtubules foudn in flagellum of the tail
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alkaline prostate fluid contains>>>
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enzymes, alkaline phosphatase, a specific antigen, zinc, and citric acid
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seminal fluid includes
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prostaglandins and fructose
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function of prostaglandin?
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increase uterine motility
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what is the function of fructose?
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nourish sperm and keep them motile
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What is capacitation?
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needed for sperm to fertilize
enzymes from uterus remove some components of surface membrane and glycocalyx motility increased and acrosome more likely |
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oogonium
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found only in fetus
all complete differentiation into primary oocytes by birth |
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primary oocyte
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found in most follicles, remains stable until singals
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What keeps the primary oocyte from becoming a secondary oocyte?
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oocite maturation inhibitor
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secondary oocyte
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found only in final stage of graffian follicle, just before ovulation
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polar body
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sole purpose is to get rid of half of the chromosomes
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2nd division of meiosis is completed when?
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the ovum is created by the spermazoa and secondary oocyte come together
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follicles
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contains oocyte plus associated supporting follicular cells
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zona pellucida
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extracellular matrix protects outer layer of 2ndary oocyte...like felt
slows sperm down so only 1 will penetrate |
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cortical granules
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in 2ndary oocyte
exocytosis after fertilization...will turn zona pellucida into leather |
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atresia
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process of oocytes in developing follicles dying off
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follicular cells produce what?
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estrogen and progesterone
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cumulus oophorus
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hooked by cilia and pulled into infundibulum by cilairy ation
degrades into corona radiata...cells are eventually lost |
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corona radiata
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looks like a radiating crown
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What is the duration of the oocyte ramaining in the ampulla?
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12-24 hours before it dies
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female infertility can be caused by....
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pelvic inflammatory disease
endometriosis polycystic ovaries produce androgens which reduce FSH production...no matureof oocites premature ovarian failure |
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emission
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peristalsis of spermatozoa through ductus deferens, controlled by sympath ns
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ejaculation
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rhythmic contractions of bulbospongiosus m force semen out of urethra
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usually ___sperm/ml of semem
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100 million
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sperm can remain motile for ___days
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5-6
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male infertility
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oligospermia (low sperm count)
asthenospermia (poor motility) teratospermia (poor morphology) |
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What is the function of the barriers to sperm penetration?
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ensure only the most viable sperm reach the oocyte (reduce structural and chromosomal abnormalities)
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What happens to the oocyte membrane during fertilization?
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it depolarizes from -70mV to +20 mV to block polyspermy
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zona reaction
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release of cortical granules from oocyte...makes zona penetration by second sperm unlikely...Ca2+ mediated
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During fertilization, the oocyte completes was division?
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the second meiotic division...creates femal pronucleus
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Once a zygote, what happens rapidly?
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synthesis of protein for the next step
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