Galusha Info Systems Final Exam - Spring 2014

Front 1

What is required for "good decision-making"

Back 1

1. Good Info
2. Skills
3. Tools

Front 2

What is a decision

Back 2

A choice among alternatives

Front 3

Decision making requires ___________ Reasoning Skills

Back 3

Analytical

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What are Structured or Programmed Decisions

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Decisions that are routine and repetitive, and often have a well-defined procedure

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Semi-structured Decisions

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Decisions that have some elements that are structured and other elements that are unstructured

Ex. Planning annual compensation for employees in a large company

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What is an Unstructured or Non-Programmed Decision

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Decisions that are novel, that do not have a pre-existing procedure

Ex. Decision to introduce a new smartwatch by an electronics company

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What type of decision are algorithmic trading systems used in investing?

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Automated Decision Making

Front 8

Should the Kill Decision Be Automated?

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TED Talk by Daniel Suarez say NO it should not be made by Robot

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Strategic Planning includes:

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1) Choosing the Organizations Objectives
2) Deciding how to achieve objectives
3) Predicting the future

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Managerial Control Includes:

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1) Ensuring Efficient, effective use of resources
2) Detailed plan and enactment of achieving objectives
3) Continual Oversight

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Operational Control Includes:

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1) Ensuring Efficient,Effective conducting of tasks
2) Ensuring processes well-maintained and tight

Front 12

Phases of Decision Making Process

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1) Intelligence
2) Design
3) Choice

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What happens in the intelligence phase?

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A. Identify and clearly define the problem
B. Determine requirements and goals (target output)

Front 14

What happens in the DESIGN PHASE?

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A. Identify Alternatives (Input Values)
B. Define Criteria (Comparing Alternatives)
C. Select a Decision-making technique/tool

Front 15

What happens in the CHOICE PHASE?

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A. Evaluate Alternatives using criteria
B. Check if solution solves problem

Front 16

What is Lethal Autonomy?

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The act of a robot committing death attempts on its own

Front 17

Lethal Autonomy left unregulated could lead to what?

Back 17

Plausible Deniability and rogue attacks

Front 18

What are some Decision Making Techniques?

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1) Pro/Con Analysis
2) Paired Comparisons
3) Decision Matrix

Front 19

Explain PRO/CON ANALYSIS

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Non-Mathematical technique where you simply list advantages and disadvantages

Front 20

Explain PAIRED COMPARISONS

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Compare Pairs of alternatives to find "winning alternative"
Single - Only one moves forward
Comparison - One with most wins after all combos

Front 21

Explain a Decision Matrix

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Compare alternatives against all criteria by adding a score 1-10 for each criteria - Highest total wins

Front 22

What are Document Management Systems

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They Provide functions to locate and retrieve documents

Front 23

Spreadsheets are popular ________

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Data Support Systems

Front 24

What is sensitivity analysis?

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Changing one or more input variables to see impact on one or more of output variables

Front 25

Types of "What If" Analysis

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1) Scenario Manager
2) Data Table

Front 26

Goal Seek takes a _____________ value and finds the needed ______ value

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target output;input

Front 27

Data Validation

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Is used to prevent users from entering input data on a worksheet that does not meet conditions

Front 28

Data validation is important in maintaining ________ in a worksheet

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quality data

Front 29

What does the PMT Excel Function do?

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Outputs the payment for each period based on inputs

Front 30

What inputs affect PMT?

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(Rate);(Nper)# Periods; (PV) Present value

Front 31

What is a Data Table?

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allows you to compute the result of a formula for various values of an input

Front 32

What does VBA Stand for?

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Visual Basic for Applications

Front 33

What are computer Communications?

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A process in which two or more computers transfer data, instructions, or information

Front 34

What is a network?

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A collection of computers and devices connected together via communication devices

Front 35

What is a computer network?

Back 35

A collection of interconnected computing devices that can communicate amongst themselves.

Front 36

What is LAN?

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Local Access Network

Front 37

What is WAN?

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Wide Area Network

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What is GAN?

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Global Area Network

Front 39

Define Network Architecture

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The design of computers,devices, and media on a network.

Front 40

What is P2P

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Person to Person - Users access eachothers hard disks and exchange files directly over the internet

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What is a network Topology?

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The layout of the computers and devices in a communications network

Front 42

History of Network Architecture

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1) Star Network Topology
2) Ring Network Topology
3) Bus Network Topology

Front 43

What are protocols?

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Rules/Standards/Procedures that computers must follow when sending or receiving data

Front 44

What is Ethernet?

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A network standard that specifies no computer controls when data can be transmitted

Front 45

What is a Token Ring standard?

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Specifies that computers and devices on the network share or pass a special signal or token

Front 46

TCP/IP Standard

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Network standard that defines how messages are routed from one end of a network to another

Front 47

WI-FI identifies any network based on what standard?

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802.11

Front 48

What is Bluetooth?

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Defines how two devices use short-range radio waves to transmit data

Front 49

What is UWB (Ultra-WIdeband)

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Specifies how two UWB devices use short-range radio waves to communicate at high speeds

Front 50

IrDA

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Transmits Data WIrelessly via infrared (IR) Light Waves

Front 51

RFID

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Uses Radio signals to communicate with a tag placed in or attached to an object, animal, or person

Front 52

What is WiMAX(802.16)?

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-Towers can cover 30-Mile Radius
-Provides Wireless Broadband Internet Access

Front 53

What does WAP stand for?

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Wireless Application Protocol
-Specifies how some mobile devices can display the content of Internet Services

Front 54

Communication software consists of programs that:

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1) Help users establish a connection to another computer or network
2) Manage the Transmission of data, instructions, and information
3) Provides an interface for users to communicate with one another
4) Implements protocols at all levels, meaning firmware, on devices

Front 55

What is a communications device?

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is any type of hardware capable of transmitting data, instructions, and information between a sending device and a receiving device

Front 56

Common Connectivity Devices

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 Network Interface Cards (NICs)
 Repeaters
 Routers
 Hubs
 Bridges
 Switches

Front 57

Connectivity Hardware

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Hardware that allows computers to be "physically connected" to networks

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MAC

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Media Access Control

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NIC

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Network Interface Card - Allows computer to connect to network and has unique serial number

Front 60

Function of a repeater

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A network device used to regenerate or replicate a signal as it weakens when traveling across a network

Front 61

What does a router do?

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An intelligent device used to connect two or more individual networks. It can appropriately route messages coming from one network to another.

Front 62

What is the purpose of a routing table?

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A table used to choose the "best" known path or hop to send packets

Front 63

What is a tracert/traceroute

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A command tool available in Windows and Mac OS used to trace the path to the destination - Need Command Prompt or Terminal

Front 64

Give an example of a domain name

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ex. www.uiowa.edu

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Give an example of a suffix

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.edu
.org
.net

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Domain Name Systems (DNS)

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Maps domain names to IP Addresses

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How do you find the IP address for a given domain

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Using "ns lookup"

Front 68

What makes the "Web" possible?

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-HTTP
-HTML
-Browsers
-Internet

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What is HTTP?

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Hypertext Transfer Protocol

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What is HTML?

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Hypertext Markup Language - Language used to create webpages

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What is URL?

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Uniform Resource Locator

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http://www.microsoft.com/security/default.html

Find: Protocol, Directory, File, Domain/Host

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Protocol: http://
Domain/Host: www.microsoft.com
Directory: /security
file:/default.html

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Static Web Pages

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Are delivered to the client exactly as stored on the server. Hence all users (clients) will see exactly the same page when they request using a given URL.

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Dynamic Web Pages

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Are generated by web applications (programs) running on the server. Hence each user (client) may see a different page based on her context/inputs
when she requests using a given URL.

Front 75

What does SOA stand for?

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Service Oriented Architecture - A set of design principles of how to take data from heterogeneous systems and create reusable services.
-Enables different devices to connect to network

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What is Middleware?

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software that can understand each technology’s
specific formats and communication protocols, and can then translate them into another platforms formats and protocols, enabling interoperability

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What is Software as a Service (SaaS)?

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A ‘software rental’ model architecture
 It is implemented like a subscription, think of Office 365, where you always get updates

Front 78

Describe Cloud Computing?

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An architectural approach to computing where an organization rents computing resources from providers, instead of having their own locally managed hardware and software

Front 79

What are the advantages of cloud computing?

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Enables ease of scalability, lower costs because not so many IT staff, migration costs to stay current, backup costs

Front 80

What is virtualization?

Back 80

allows one physical device, such as a server or
computer, to operate as if it is several machines ``

Front 81

Web 2.0

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Users drive Content
Ex. Twitter/Blogs/Facebook

Front 82

Web 3.0

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When computers start to understand the meaning,
called semantics, of what is there; understanding the
information and data to better make it useable
-Semantic Web - Everything Linked

Front 83

Three Main Categories of Threats

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-Denial/disruption of service
- Unauthorized Access
- Theft and Fraud

Front 84

Information Security (IS)

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a broad concept that involves dealing
with any threat to computerized systems, such as viruses,
hackers, accidental loss of data or systems, natural disasters

Front 85

What 2 things does IS require?

Back 85

technology + management

Front 86

Worm

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is an independent program which replicates itself and sends
copies from computer to computer across network connections.
Upon arrival the worm may be activated to replicate.

Front 87

Trojan Horse

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Masquerades as beneficial program
while quietly destroying data or damaging your
system.

Front 88

Logic Bomb

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Malware logic executes upon certain conditions
ex. Employee triggers database erase when he is fired

Front 89

Social Engineering

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manipulates people into performing actions or divulging confidential information

Front 90

Phishing

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a ‘trustworthy entity’
asks via e-mail for
sensitive information
such as SSN, credit
card numbers, login
IDs or passwords.

Front 91

Botnet

Back 91

a large number of compromised computers that are
used to create and send spam or viruses or flood a network with
messages as a denial of service attack

Front 92

Repdudiation

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is an illicit attempt to deny sending or
receiving a transaction.

Front 93

Non-Repudiation

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is the ability to prove that a transaction
has, in fact, occurred.
ex. encryption, signatures

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Preventive controls

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stop or limit the security threat from
happening in the first place (anti-virus scans)

Front 95

Corrective controls

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repair damages after a security problem
has occurred (anti-virus quarantine

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Detective controls

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find or discover where and when security
threats occurred (audit logs)

Front 97

Layered security

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approach has the advantage of creating
a barrier of multiple defenses that can be coordinated to thwart a variety of attacks

Front 98

 Obscurity strategy

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means what goes on inside a system or
organization should be hidden

Front 99

Authentication credentials can include:

Back 99

A user name and password
 Tokens, such as those created by token cards
 Digital certificates

Front 100

Authentication logon process

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1. Identification – credentials presented
2. Authentication – checks to see if present in authentication DB
3. Authorization – allowed to log onto computer
4. Access – granted access to resources according to permissions
assigned

Front 101

Authentication Methods:

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1) What you know
2) What you have
3) Who You are
4) Where you are

Front 102

What are Tokens?

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 Item presented during authentication process
 Often a challenge phrase presented

Front 103

SSL/TLS or Secure Socket Layer/Transport Layer
Security

Back 103

are protocols that allows for secure communication
between two computers (e.g., between a browser and a web server)

Front 104

What is FIPP

Back 104

Fair Information Practices
Principles

 FIPP are guidelines that represent widely accepted concepts
concerning fair information practice in an electronic marketplace
 The FIPP principles provide guidance for how to deal specifically with
personal information

Front 105

PATRIOT ACT

Back 105

is an Act of Congress that was signed into
law by President George W. Bush on October 26, 2001.

Front 106

FERPA

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permits a school to disclose personally identifiable information
from education records of an "eligible student" (a student age 18 or
older or enrolled in a postsecondary institution at any age) to his or her
parents, if student is a dependent

Front 107

Cookies

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A text data passed to a browser from a Web server.
Then the text data is sent back to the Web server with every
subsequent request to the Web server. Used by Web applications
to store state and user information

Front 108

system

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a set of
components that
interact to achieve
a common goal

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Information System (IS)

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a
collection of
hardware, software,
data, people, and
procedures that
work together to
produce quality
information

Front 110

SDLC

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Systems Development Life Cycle

Front 111

Systems Analyst

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is the
Liaison between users and
IT professionals

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Project Phases

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1) Planning
2)Analysis/Requirements
3) Design/Development
4) Implementation/Maintenance

Front 113

RFSS

Back 113

Request for System Services

Front 114

Analysis Phase

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a) Conduct preliminary Investigation
b) Perform Detailed Analysis

Front 115

Process modeling

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an
analysis and design technique that describes
processes that transform inputs into outputs

Front 116

entity-relationship
diagram (ERD)

Back 116

a tool
that graphically shows
the connections among
entities in a system

Front 117

Design/Development Phase

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A) Acquire Hardware/Software
B) Develop Details

Front 118

Implementation Phase

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Perform Tests on Product
Training

Front 119

Maintenance and Security Phase

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to
provide ongoing assistance for an information system and its
users after the system is implemented

Front 120

Reengineering

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g is the fundamental rethinking and radical
redesign of business processes to achieve dramatic
improvements; in:
 cost
 quality
 service
 speed