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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Non finite verbs or verbal |
Pr p, pp,inf |
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Adjective verbal noun and also participle |
Interesting book or washing machine |
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Present participle can be used without auxilary verbs , and also as ajective |
Loughing loudly, she ran out of the room. I got absolutley soaked while waiting for my friend. The man talking to nancy is the head teacher. A smiling baby |
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یک قسم قواعد اسپیلی دارد مثل prp |
All verbal nouns have exactly the same spelling as the corresponding present participle , gerund from latin gerere means to do |
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Gerund usage |
1 to show action or activity ,,,fighting about something so trivial is just silly.followd by the prepositin of , some bending of the rules |
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Both prp and verbal noun can be used as ajective baut with a different |
Ppr SO or Sth is doing at the moment a smilling baby (a baby who is smilling) But gerund what SO does in generall or what sth is used for e.g a dancing teacher ( a person who teaches dancing ) a washing mschine ( a mschine for washing clothes) a racing car ( a car used in motor-races) ... in prp the main stress is on the noun but in gerund in adhective |
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بدون اگزیلری |
Without accompanying auxilary verb |
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Pp without auxilary and as ajective |
Bought for only a few dollars, the painting turned out to be priceless. As ajective broken promise , a closed door etc |
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Notice that some past participle adjectives describe what someone or something has done, while others descrube what has been done to someon or something |
A fallen tree is a tree which has fallen down but a stolen car is a car which has been stolen |
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Can,t help followed by verbal noun not inf mesns unable to prevent something or stop oneself doung something |
I can,t help laughing at what happend. |
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Infinitive usage after lexical verb , ajective , noun , wh word such as who where , and also as subject and complement of a verb . And after for+a noun or pronoun , for express purpose , in comment clause |
Be ready to leave , i have no desire to leave , i have not a clue where to find him.how to get, who to ask for dirction, and also To know her is to love her. And also for me to meat her, we fight to overcome. To be honest with you, i do not much like the idea |
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A comment clause |
Make some sort of comment about the rset of sentence , to be frank, i dont let you go! |
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Present inft and past infin |
Pr infint simple she must go. We should leave at once. It is time for us to leave. But past inf or pefect infinit formed from the infinitive of the auxilary verb have plus the past participle of lexical verbs e.g she must have gone by now. She hopes to have left before then. We should have left earlier. |
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To as to infinitive |
Come here when i tell you to. |
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Split infinitive are those which split by adverb , adverbial phrase |
It may be difficult to properly clean the oil off the car. |
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Passive undergo( دستخوش شدن ) |
Passive come from latin verb pati meaning to suffer , it means that the subject of a sentence undergoes by the action of the subject |
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If there is another auxiliary verb in the verb phrase , it always precedes the passive auxiliary be |
She has been bitten by a dog. |
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بای فرس حتمی نیست |
By phrase is not oligatory |
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Indirect become sunject |
Her grandmother taught her french. She was taught french by her grandmother l. |
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By doctor |
It is called agent but all of them is called by phrase |
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John was killed with a hammer |
The noun following the preposition with is known as the instrument. |
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Get means to make or cause sth or SO to do also have bad with bar infi |
I got john to check them again. I had john to check them again. |
