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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Cause of epidural hematoma |
Linear skull fracture
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Epidural progression of symptoms
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Short unconsciousness
Lucid interval Rapid deterioration |
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Quickest way to emergently lower ICP
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Hyperventilate
Alkalosis causes vasoconstriction |
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Hypoxia and increased ICP
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Hypoxia will trigger cerebral vasodilation
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Tripple H therapy and its use
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Hemodilution, HTN, hypervolemia
Most commonly used for 2 weeks after repair of aneurysm to prevent ischemia caused by vasospasm |
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Three drugs implemented with HHH therapy
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Ca Channel blockers stop spasm
Vasopressors for HTN Colloids to help hold fluid in the vascular space |
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Seizures and fibrinolytics
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Seizures with stroke are indicative of ICH and so fibrinolytics are contraindicated until ICH ruled out
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Who gets chronic subdural hematomas
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Elderly, alcoholics, and the anticoagulated
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Cushing's triad, and what does it mean?
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Increased systolic, widened pulse pressure, slowing HR
Late sign of increased ICP |
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Brocas vs. Wernickes aphasia
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Brocas - no talking
Wernickes - no understanding |
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CVA symptoms (3)
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Homonymous hemianopia
Ipsilateral eye deviation Contralateral motor symptoms |
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Brainstem: top to bottom
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midbrain, pons, medulla
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Where do the pyramidal tract neurons cross to contralateral side?
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At the medulla
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Where does sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation originate from?
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Sympathetic - medulla/pons
Parasympathetic - midbrain (higher, so gets knocked out first) |
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When will you see a babinski?
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When there is pressure on a pyramidal tract
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First sign of uncal herniation
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Blown ipsilateral pupil - from pressure on the midbrain CN III parasympathetic innervation (knocks it out) so only sympathetic innervation present - fixed dilation
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Cause of uncal herniation
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Epidural hematoma
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Symptom progression for supratentorial herniation
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Changes in LOC
Bilateral fixed pupil dilation Cushing's triad when it gets really bad |
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Two key points of brown sequard syndrome
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Hemisection of cord
Ipsilateral motor loss below level of lesion Contralateral sensation loss below level of lesion |
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Midbrain vs. pons lesion effects on respiration patterns
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Midbrain lesion - hyperventilation because it knocks out parasympathetic
Pons lesion - apneustic breathing because it knocks out sympathetic response |
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Pulse pressure
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Systolic-diastolic
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Normal CPP and ICP
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CPP 60-100
ICP 5-15 |
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Eyes, verbal, motor
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Besst scores - 4,5,6
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Drug of choice for status epilepticus
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Diazepam IV
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Chvostek's sign
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Unilateral contraction of the facial muscles in response to tapping the facial nerve - indicates hypocalcemia
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