Fxn Neuro Lec 32 - Vasculature Of The Brain

Front 1

Inadequate blood supply to an area is (ischemia, infarction)

Back 1

Ischemia

Front 2

Death of CNS tissue is termed (ischemia, infarcation)?

Back 2

Infarction

Front 3

What are the two general types of strokes?

Back 3

Bleeds and blocks

Front 4

Bleeds are often (80%, 20%) fatal?

Back 4

80%

Front 5

This form of stroke often arises from aneurysm which weakens the vessel wall, often at vessel bifurcation?

Back 5

Bleed

Front 6

Arterioslcelorsis which gives rise to a blood clot at the site (thrombus) is slow or fast occlusive process?

Back 6

Slow

Front 7

This is a blood clot, fat particle, or air bubble floating through vasculature leading to fast occlusion and stroke?

Back 7

Embolus

Front 8

Cardiac arrest causes loss of consciousness in approximately (20 minutes, 1 hour, 10 seconds)?

Back 8

10 seconds

Front 9

What is the cellular result of the loss of ATP which occurs after a cardiac arrest?

Back 9

edema caused by shutdown of Na-K pumps

Front 10

This type of hypoperfusion is associated with anoxia of the hippocampus (TGA, TIA, Both, Neither)?

Back 10

TGA (transient Global Amnesia)

Front 11

What are the two pairs of arterial trunks that supply the brain with blood?

Back 11

Vertebral Arteries and Internal Carotid Arteries

Front 12

This artery branch from the vertebral basial system supplies the paramedian medulla, including the pyramids, medial leminiscus, MLF and hypoglossul nerve and nucleus?

Back 12

Anterior Spinal Artery

Front 13

Which branch of the vertebral supplies the paramedian medulla?

Back 13

Anterior Spinal Artery

Front 14

These vertebral branches supply the lateral medulla at caudal branches?

Back 14

Bulbar branches

Front 15

This branch of the vertebral basilar system supplies the lateral medulla at rostral levels, includes STT, SV-nucleus and tract, Nucleus Ambiguus, vagal nerve fibers, ICP, Caudal cerebellum?

Back 15

PICA (Posterior inferior cerebellar artery)

Front 16

Two vertebrals unite to form this artery on the ventral surface of the brain?

Back 16

Basilar Artery

Front 17

Infarct of which artery causes inferior alternating hemiplegia?

Back 17

Anterior Spinal Artery

Front 18

What are the symptoms of Inferior Alternating Hemiplegia?

Back 18

Ipsilateral tongue deviation to the side of the lesion; Contralateral hemiplegia *UMN signs

Front 19

Infarct of which artery (s) can cause wallenberg syndrome (lateral medullary syndrome)?

Back 19

PICA or Bulbar Branches

Front 20

What are the clinical symptoms of Wallenberg Syndrome?

Back 20

Loss of Pain and thermal on Ipsilateral Face; Loss of pain/thermal on CONTRALATERAL Body; IPS Horners, IPS dysphagia/dysphonia; Vertigo and cerebellar ataxia

Front 21

This branch of the basilar supplies blood to the caudal pontine tegmentum and caudal cerebellum?

Back 21

AICA (anterior inferior cerebellar artery)

Front 22

This basilar artery branch supplies blood to the structures of the inner ear?

Back 22

Labyrinthine Artery

Front 23

What are the two forms of pontine arteries?

Back 23

Paramedian and Circumferential

Front 24

These arteries provide blood to the medial pons including CST, anducens nerve and nucleus?

Back 24

Paramedian Arteries

Front 25

These arteries supply the lateral pontine tegmentum, including nuclei and roots of CN V and VII, spinal trigeminal nucleus, and STT?

Back 25

Circumferential Arteries

Front 26

This branch of the basilar supplies parts of the rostral pontine tegmentum, and rostral cerebellum?

Back 26

Superior Cerebellar Artery

Front 27

Where does the posterior cerebral give off paramedian branches to (supply what)?

Back 27

oculomotor fibers and medial parts of the crus cerebri

Front 28

Where does the posterior cerebellum give off circumferential branches to (supply what)?

Back 28

Midbrain tegmentum, red nucleus, STT, and superior and inferior colliculi

Front 29

What are the two kinds of infarcts that can occur of the vertebral-basilar system or its branches?

Back 29

Paramedian and Lateral Infarcts

Front 30

What are the four common clinical symptoms for a paramedian infarction of the vertebral-basilar system?

Back 30

Medial Lemniscus (CONT loss of tactile discrimination, vibratory sense, kinesthesis); CST (contralateral Hemiplegia); IPS GSE cranial nerve (3,6,12); Possible involvement of corticospinal AND corticobulbar

Front 31

What are the four common clinical symptoms of lateral infarcts of the vertebral-basilar system?

Back 31

CONT STT; IPS trigeminal defects; IPS SVE cranial nerve defecits; IPS Horners

Front 32

What are the four parts of the ICA?

Back 32

cervical, petrous, cavernous or sigmoid, supraclinoid

Front 33

What are the 5 branches of the ICA?

Back 33

Opthalmic; Posterior communicating; Anterior Choroidal artery; Anterior cerbral , middle cerebral

Front 34

Which branch of the ICA connects the internal carotid with the posterior cerebral?

Back 34

Posterior communicating artery

Front 35

This is an arterial wreath the encricles the floor of the diencephalon?

Back 35

Circle of Willis

Front 36

Which arteris take part of the circle of willis?

Back 36

Anterior and Posterior Cerebral; Anterior and Posterior Communicating; Small segment of the ICA

Front 37

What are the two branches of the circle of willis?

Back 37

Cortical and Central

Front 38

What is the primary function of the circle of willis?

Back 38

Equalize blood flow to the brain

Front 39

People who congenitally lack a complete circle of willis have a higher incidence of what?

Back 39

Stroke

Front 40

What are the branches of the anterior cerebral artery?

Back 40

Frontopolar, Callosomarginal, Pericallosal

Front 41

Where doe th frontopolar artery go to?

Back 41

Orbital and medial frontal lobe

Front 42

Where does the callosomarginal artery go to?

Back 42

cingulate and marginal sulci to paracentral lobule and cingulate gyrus

Front 43

Where does the Pericallosal Artery course to?

Back 43

Callosal Sulcus to medial parietal lobe, precuneus, and corpus callosum

Front 44

Infarct of the Anterior Cerebral Artery may cause what?

Back 44

UMN and sensory defecits of contralateral lower extremity; Personality changes (prefrontal cortex)

Front 45

Infarct of this artery causes contralateral homonymous hemianopsia?

Back 45

Posterior Cerebral Artery

Front 46

These arteries come off the posterior cerebral and course along the inferior surface of the temporal lobe?

Back 46

Anterior Branches

Front 47

This artery comes off the posteriro cerebral artery and courses posteriorly to the medial occipital region to supply the striate (primary visual) cortex?

Back 47

Calcarine Artery

Front 48

This artery courses upward in the insula, and has branches that recurve around the frontal and parietal opercula?

Back 48

MCA

Front 49

What does the middle cerebral artery provide blood to?

Back 49

inferior/middle frontal gyri; Pre/PostCentral Gyri; Superior/Middle Temporal Gyri; Inferior Parietal Lobule; Lateral Occipital Lobe

Front 50

This landmark refers to the course of branches of the MCA in the insular region?

Back 50

Sylvian Triangle

Front 51

These branches of the circle of willis are essential end arteris that do not anastomose effectively?

Back 51

Central Branches

Front 52

What is produced through occlusion or bleeds of the central branches of the circle of willis?

Back 52

Small "lacunar" Infarcts

Front 53

What are the two groups of central branches of the circle of willis?

Back 53

Medial and Lateral Groups

Front 54

What are the two arterial branches of the medial group of the circle of willis?

Back 54

Anteromedial and posteromedial

Front 55

This branch of the medial group (COW) supplies the anterior hypothalamus and preoptic area?

Back 55

Anteromedial

Front 56

This branch of the medial group of the COW supplies the posterior hypothalamus, anteromedial thalamus, and subthalamic nucleus

Back 56

Postereomedial artery (off the posterocerebral and communicating artery)

Front 57

What are the three branches of the lateral group of the central COW?

Back 57

Medial Striate (recurrent, Huebner); Lateral Striate (lenticulostriate); Posterior lateral (thalamogeniculate)

Front 58

Which branch of the lateral/central group of the COW supplies the basal ganglia and internal capsule (most anterior part)?

Back 58

Medial Striate

Front 59

Which branch of the Central/lateral group of COW supplies the Basal Ganglia and the internal capsule (most of the anterior limb and part of the posterior limb)

Back 59

Lateral Striate

Front 60

This branch of the ICA supplies the hippocampus, amygdala, globus pallidus, and inferoposterior portion of the internal capsule?

Back 60

Anterior Choroidal Artery

Front 61

This kind of infarct results from occlusion or hemorrhage of vessels supplying the internal capsule

Back 61

Capsular Infarcts

Front 62

Impairment of these fibers within the anterior limb of the internal capsule will result in abnormal involuntary movements (dyskinesia)?

Back 62

Corticostriate Fibers

Front 63

Impairment of these fibers coursing through the genu of the internal capsule will result in contralateral corticobulbar palsy of the lower face muscles?

Back 63

Corticobulbar Fibers

Front 64

These fibers course in the posterior limb of the internal capsule, and impairment of them will result in contralateral hemiplegia of both upper and lower extremities?

Back 64

Corticospinal

Front 65

Impairment of these fibers within the posterior limb of the internal capsule can result in contralateral sensory defecit?

Back 65

Somatosensory fibers

Front 66

These fibers course in the retrolenticular portion of the internal capsule and impairment of them results in contralateral homonymous hemianopsia and dimunition of hearing ?

Back 66

Optic and Auditory Radiation Fibers

Front 67

Infarction of this non vertebral artery leads to contralateral hemiplegia of both upper and lower extremities.

Back 67

Corticospinal fibers of the internal capsule

Front 68

Infarction of this artery leads to contralateral sensory defect of the upper and lower extremities, and the head.

Back 68

Somatosensory Fibers

Front 69

Infarction of this artery leads to corticobulbar palsy of the lower face.

Back 69

Corticobulbar artery

Front 70

What artery supplies the Hippocampus, Amygdala, Globus Pallidus, and the inferoposterior (retrolenticular) portion of the internal capsule?

Back 70

Anterior Choroidal Artery

Front 71

This artery supplies the posterior thalamus (LGB, MGB, and Pulvinar)

Back 71

Posterior Lateral branch of COW (central)

Front 72

The lateral striate artery branches from what main artery?

Back 72

Middle Cerebral Artery

Front 73

A clog of this artery would lead to a loss of blood to the posterior hypothalamus, anteromedial thalamus, and Subthalamic Nucleus

Back 73

Postereomedial artery, a central branch of the COW in the medial group

Front 74

This artery provides blood supply to the anterior hypothalamus and preoptic area.

Back 74

Anteriomedial arterial, a central branch of the COW, medial group.

Front 75

If you have motor and sensory loss to the lower face, upper trunk, and arms, where would suspect an arterial occlusion?

Back 75

Medial Cerebral Artery

Front 76

If you have homonymous hemianopsia in the right visual field, where should you look for an arterial occlusion?

Back 76

Left Posterior Cerebral Artery - Calcarine Artery

Front 77

If you have motor and sensory deficit in the left lower extremity, where would you look for an infarction?

Back 77

Right Anterior Cerebral Artery

Front 78

Wallenberg syndrome is another name for what?

Back 78

PICA syndrome