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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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MYXINI
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Hagfishes
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CEPHALASPIDOMORPHI
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Lampreys
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CHONDRICHTHYES
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Sharks, skates, rays, chimaeras
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ACTINOPTERYGII
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Bony or ray-finned fishesSharks,
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SARCOPTERYGII
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Lobe-finned fishes
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Hagfish Classification
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Superclass- Agnatha
Class- Myxini Family- Myxinidae |
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Hagfish
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-rudimentary eyes
-1 to 15 external gill openenings -notocord, single median nostril -3 pairs of sensory barbels -exclusively marine -scavengers, produce slime -can tie themselves in knots |
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Sea Lamprey Classification
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Class-Cephalaspidomorphi
Order-Petromyzontiformes Family-Petromyzontidae |
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Sea Lamprey
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-dorsal fin, well-developed eyes
-7 external gill openings -oral disk, parasitic as adults -holarctic distribution, can be anadromous -larval form called ammeceote, lives within substrate |
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Class Chondrichthyes
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-Cartilage Fishes
-Cartilaginous skeleton -placoid scales -no airbladder, instead use lipids for buoyancy -internal fertilization -retain urea for osmoregulation -spiral valve intestine |
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Order Chimaeriformes
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-Class Chondrichthyes
-Subclass Holocephali -lack denticulate scales -tail slender, males have claspers -jaw fused to cranium and has crushing dentition |
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Subclass Elasmobranchii
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-Class Chondrichthyes
-six orders of sharks, skates, and rays -motly marine species, widely distributed -some interesting reproductive traits (e.g. viviparity discussed in lecture) |
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Class Sarcopterygii
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-lobed-finned fishes
-two species of marine coelacanths -six species of freshwater lungfish -fishes most closely related to tetrapods |
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Order Acipenseriformes
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-Class Actinopterygii
-Subclass Chondrostei -25 species -evolutionary remnants of a once diverse group -heterocercal tail -spiral valve intestine -cartilaginous skeletons |
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Family Acipenseridae
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-Class Actinopterygii
-Subclass Chondrostei -Sturgeon -anadromous and FW species in N. Hemisphere -five rows of bony scutes on the body -inferior, toothless mouth w/4 barbels -can grow over 1.5 tons and 100 years old |
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Acipenser transmontanus
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-White Sturgeon (NF)
-largest freshwater fish in North America -Range-Pacific coast from AK to CA; introduced or landlocked elsewhere -only North American sturgeon lacking scutes behind the dorsal and anal fins |
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Family Polyodontidae
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-paddlefish
-Class Actinopterygii -Subclass Chondrostei -only 2 species-one each in US and China -few true scales, but some ganoid scales on tail -paddle-like snout -extremely long gill rakers -posterior extension of the opercle |
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Polyodon spathula
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-American paddlefish (NF)
-filter-feeder with lond fine gill rakers -native to the mississippi river drainage -reproductive ecology not well understood -grow up to 2m |
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Lepisosteus oculatus
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-spotted gar (NF)
-bony skeleton with ganoid scales -well defined black spots on top of head, body, and all fins -abbreviate herterocercal tail, fins set far back -highly modified jaw with rows of sharp teeth-ambush predators inhabiting shallow, weedy FW habitats -well developed air bladder permits air breathing |
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Amia calva
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-Bowfin (NF)
-Subclass Neopterygii -Order Amiiformes -Family Amiidae -gular plate; large mouth with numerous teeth -tubular nostils; ocellus ("eyespot") on males -long dorsal fin >1/2 length of back -abbreviate heterocercal tail; rounded pelvic and pectoral fins |
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Hiodon tergisus
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-Mooneye (NF)
-Order-Osteoglossiformes -Family-Hiiodontidae -Hiodontidae only family of this order w/species in NA -Belly keeled between anal and pelvic fins -toothed parasphenoid and glossohyal -large eyes with tapetum lucidum -other families in this order are freshwater and tropical |
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Subdivision Elopomorpha
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-tarpons and true eels
-Order Elopiformes -Order Anguilliformes |
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Anguilla rostrata
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-american eel
-order-anguilliformes -family anguillidae -reduced body pland and skeleton -scales embedded or absent -dorsal & anal fin contiguous with caudal fin -wide distribution with 22 families (some catadromous-live in freshwater, then migrate to sea to spawn) |
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Order Clupeiformes
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-shads, herrings, sardines, menhadens, and anchovies
-primarily marine, silvery, filter-feeding fishes inhabiting well-lit surface waters -some are economically important -direct connection between ear and gass bladder -pneumatic duct commonly connected to anterior of digestive tract (physostomous) |
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Dorosoma cepedianum
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-gizzard shad
-stomach functions like a gizzard -broadcast spawners -29-35 anal fin raws -subterminal mouth -sawtoothed keel |
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Dorosoma petenense
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-threadfin shad
-sawtoothed keel -20-25 anal fin rays (fewer than in gizzard shad) -terminal mouth -smaller maximum body size vs. gizzard shad |
