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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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molds
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aka mycelia
muticellular colonies composed of intertwined hyphae grow and produce spores |
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spores
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reproductive body of mold
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dimorphic fungi
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can grow as yeast or mold
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candida albicans: morphology
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budding yeast with pseudohyphae
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clinical manifestation of candida
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normal=thrush, vulvovaginal candidiasis, diaper rash
immunocompromised=above plus disseminated infection |
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pseudohyphae
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long chains of yeast cells that didnt seperate after budding
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pityriasis versicolor: cause, presentation, diagnosis, treatment
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aka tinea versicolor
caused malasezia furfur white pathches of hypopigmented skin, under koh prep has spaghetti meatball appearance treat with selenium sulfide |
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Dermatophytosis: types and treatment
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t. corporis=rignworm
t. cruris=jock itch t. capitis=scalp t. unguium-onchomycosis t. pedis= athletes foot treat with topical azole |
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dandruff: cause, persentation, treatment
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aka pityriasis capitidis
caused by malassezia globosa treat with selenium sulfide |
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Sporthrichosis treatment
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azole
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Coccidiomycosis: cause, presentation, treatment
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caused by coccidiodes immitis of sw of usa
usually asymptomatic but can cause pneumonia or even disseminated infection in aids treat with ampB, or azole |
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Histoplasmosis: cause, presentation, treatment
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infection by histoplasma capsulatum, found in mississippi valley in bird/bat poop
usually asymptomatic but can cause pneumonia or even disseminated infection in aids treat with ampB, or azole |
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Blastomycosis: cause, presentation, treatment
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infection by Blastomyces dermatidis fond in Mississippi Valley in soil/rotten wood
usually asymptomatic but can cause pneumonia or even disseminated infection in aids treat with ampB, or azole |
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Cryptococcois: cause, presentation, treatment
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infection by Cryptococcus neoformans in pigeon poop usually in AIDS patient
causes pneumonia, skin lesions, brain lesions treat with ampB+flucystosine or azole |
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Tinea nigra: cause, presentation, treatment
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caused by exophiala werneckii
causes brown/black patches on side of hands/feet treat with selenium sulfide |
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Aspergillosis: presentation, treatment
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pneumonia, with acute branching hyphae invading blood vessels
treat with ampB |
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Mucormycosis: cause, presentation, treatment
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infection by rhizopus, rhizomucor, or mucor
causes rhinocerebral infection with black discharge! and pulmonary dz treat with ampB |
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Fungi-Like Bacteria: ex, treatment
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Actinomyces isrealli
Nocardia asteroides SNAP "sulfa for nocardia, actinomyces use pcn" |
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Actinomyces isrealli presentation, treatment
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oral/facial abscesses
yellow sulfur granules in sinus tracts treat with pcn |
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Nocardia asteroides: presentation, treatment
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pulmonary infections in immunocompromsed
treat with sulfa (tmp-smx) |
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Pneumocystis jiroveci: presentation, treatment
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used to be called P. carinii but its a yeast
causes diffuse interstitial pneumonia in immunocompromised treat with tmp-smx, dapsone |
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Antifungal Agents
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Polyenes-AmpB
Anti-metabolites-flucytosine Azoles Glucan Synthesis Inhibitors-caspofungin, micaufungin Allyamine-terbinafine MT inhibitors- Griseofulvin Etc |
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AmpB: moa, uses, ae
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forms complex with ergosterol and disrupts plasma membrane
treats most fungal infections except tineas, pityriasis, sporthrix, candida (unless systemic) so basically NOT skin infection neurotoxic, fever |
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Flucytosine: moa, use
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used in combo with ampB for crypto
inhibits protein syn |
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Azole: moa, use
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inhibits p450 enzyme, involved in ergosterol synthesis
broad spectrum but not rhizopus (mucormycosis) or aspergillous |
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Trichomonas vaginalis
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protozoan vaginits
treat with metroidazole |
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Chagas Disease: cause, presentation, treatment
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caused by trypanosoma cruzi
causes dilated cardiomyopathy, megacolon, megaesophagus treat with nifurtimex |
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African Sleeping Sickness
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Trypanosoma gambiese (W. africa) Trypanosoma rhodesiense (E. africa)
transmitted by tsetse fly treat with suramin and mearsoprol |
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Protozoa treated with metronidazole
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Gardenella vaginosis
Entameaba histolyitica Trichomonas vaginalis "GET out of the way of the METRO" also for anaerobes and gratm + |
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Fever pattern of Malaria species? Treatment
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falciparum=continuous, chloroquine doesnt work anymore
malariae=72h, chloroquine vivax/ovale=24h, chloroquine and primaquine to prevent relapse |
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Crytosporidium parvum: presentation, treatment
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causes severe diarrhea in AIDS and mild diarrhea in normal ppl
protozoan cysts NO treatment |
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Toxoplasma gondii: presentation, treatment
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protozoan cysts causing ring-enhancing lesions in HIV
keep preg women away from cats treat with sulfa and pyrimethamine |
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Naegleri fowleri: presentation, treatment
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protozoan that enters csf via cribiform plate and causes rapidly fatal meningoencephalitis from swimming in fresh water lakes
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Trichinella spiralis: presentation, treatment
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causes trichinosis from larvae in skeletal muscle of pork
causes cysts in skeletal muscle and fevers treat with thiabendazole |
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Schistosoma; presentation, treatment
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trematodes that live on snails that can causes granulomas, fibrosis, in spleen, liver, bladder, etc
treat with praziquantel |
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Hookworms
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Strongyloides stercoralis
Ancylostoma duodenale Necator americanus "SANd" |
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Nematodes
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aka roudworms
Pinworms Giant roundworms hookworms |
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Cestodes
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aka tapeworms
T. saginata/solium E. granulosus |
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Trematodes
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aka flukes
Schistosoma, etc |
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Praziquntel: uses, moa
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increases Ca permeability so Ca is lost resulting in paralysis
trematodes, cestodes |
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River Blindness: cause, presentation, treatment
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infection by Onchocera volvulus, spread by Black Fly
causes lizard skin and blindness treat with Ivermectin |
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Elephantitis: cause, presentation, treatment
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caused by Wuchereria bancrofti, spread by mosquito
causes blocked lymphatic vessels resulting in swelling treat with Diethycarbamazine |
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Diethylcarbamazine: moa, uses
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increases susceptibilty of microfilaiara to phagocytosis
Loa Loa Wucheria bancrofti Toxocara/cani Onchocera volvulus |
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Ivermectin: moa, uses
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opens Cl- sensitive channels which blocks gaba in peripheral motor nerves
treatment for Onchocera volvulus |
