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55 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What causes tinea versicolor?
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Malassezia furfur
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What is oval yeast w/ colaretter rim?
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Malassezia furfur
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Describe tinea versicolor
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macules on trunk due to interfence w/ melanin
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How is tinea versicolor tx?
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topical azole, selenium sulfide shampoo
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What causes tinea nigra?
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Hortea werneckii
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What fungus is branched hyphae w/ arthroconidia and halophilic?
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Hortaea werneckii
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Describe tinea nigra
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macule on palms or soles
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How is tinea nigra tx?
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topical axoles, Whitefield's ointment
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What causes white piedra?
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Trichosporon sp
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What hair does white piedra infect?
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groin and axilla
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What fungus causes black piedra?
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Piedra hortae
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What hair does black piedra affect?
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scalp
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How is piedra tx?
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haircut and shave, topical azole
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What causes diaper rash?
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Candida sp
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Describe Candida
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yeast w/ pseudohyphae and blastoconidia
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What causes sporotrichosis?
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Sporothrix schenckii
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Describe sporotrichosis
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ulcerations along lymphatics
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What is tmission of sporotrichosis?
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decaying vegitation, zoonotic
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What fungus is dimorphic w/ septated hyphae and daisy petal conidiophores, and budding yeast?
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Sporothrix schenckii
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How is sporotrichosis diagnosed?
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oral K iodide
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What is pimented fungi that forms murform bodies in tissues?
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Chromoblastomycosis
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Describe chromoblastomycosis
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cauliflower-like lesions
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What fungus is found in tropics and tmitted by woody plants?
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chromoblastomycosis
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How is chromoblastomycosis tx?
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cryotherapy, anti-fungal cocktail
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What does Conidioblus coronatus cause?
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facial swelling zygomycosis
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What does Basidiobolus ranarum cause?
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zygomycosis - rubbery masses in legs of children that ulcerate
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How is zygomycosis tx?
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oral K iodide
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How is blastomycosis tmitted?
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from leaf litter
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What causes blastomycosis?
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Blastomyces dermatitidis
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What are symptoms of blastomycosis?
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pulmonary - mild flu - pneumonia; cutaneous - ulcerative lesions
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What are the 2 forms of Blastomyces?
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hypae that produce conidia; yeast that reproduce by blastoconidia
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What causes coccidiomycosis?
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Coccidioides immitis
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How is coccidiomycosis tmitted?
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soil w/ rodent droppings
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What are the 2 forms of Coccidioides?
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hyphae that produce arthroconidia; endosporulating spherule
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What is the most virulent fungus?
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Coccidioides
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What are the symptoms of coccidiomycosis?
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1ary - pulmonary; 2ary - dissemination - cavitary pneumonia
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What fungal dx has much higher prevalence in males?
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Coccidiomycosis
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What is tx of coccidiomycosis?
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1ary w/ no risk factors - no tx; 2ary w/ risk factors - amphotericin B
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Where is cryptococcus found?
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soil enriched w/ pigeon droppings
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Describe Cryptococcus neoformans
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encapsulated yeast
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What is symptom of C. neoformans?
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cryptococcal meningitis - 100% fatal if untx
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How is cryptococcus diagnosed?
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india ink scope of yeast from tissue, bld, CSF
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How is cryptococcus tx?
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amphotericin B + flucytosine; AIDS lifelong itraconizole
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What anti-fungal inhibits ptn synthesis?
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sordarin
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What is target of sordarin?
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EF-2 blocking GTP hydrolysis
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What 2 drugs inhibit cell wall synthesis?
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caspofungin, nikkomycin Z
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What is target of caspofungin?
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beta -1,3 - glucan synthase thereby making cell more susceptible to death
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What is target of nikkomycin Z?
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chitin synthase - disrupts cell wall synthesis
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What are the 3 imidazoles?
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ketoconazole, clotrimazole, miconazole
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What is mechanism of imidazoles and triazoles?
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target 14-alpha-demethylase that makes ergosterol from lanosterol
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What are the 3 triazoles?
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fluconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole
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What is mechanism of terbinafine?
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targets squalene epoxidase that makes lanosterol from squlalene thereby inhibiting ergosterol synthesis
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What is function of amphotericin B and nystatin?
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binds ergosterol forming pore and cause ox damage
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What is mechanism of griseofulvin?
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binds microtubules disrupting mitotic activities
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What is mechanism of flucytosine?
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competes w/ uracil in RNA synthesis and replaces C in DNA synthesis
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