Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Fungi vs. Bacteria
|
Fungi are bigger, have ergosterol, and a cell wall
|
|
|
Environment
|
Strict aerobes, low pH, 25-30 degrees C
|
|
|
Yeast
|
unicellular
|
|
|
Mold
|
filimentous, hyphea (branching)
|
|
|
coenocytic
|
no cross walls, multinucleate mold
|
|
|
More typical at body temp
|
yeast (ex. candida albicans)
|
|
|
control fungal infections
|
neutrophils and t cells
|
|
|
Tissue damage
|
due to growth, not toxins
|
|
|
Endemic
|
geographic, true pathogens that result in systemic infections in healthy indivivuals
|
|
|
Opportunistic
|
not true pathogens.... only affect immunocomprimised
|
|
|
Endemic Fungal Pathogens
|
Histoplasama capsulatum
Blastomyces dermatitidis Cocciciodes immitus Paracoccidioides brasiliensis |
|
|
Histoplasma entry
|
needs to tranform to yeast; more virulent when warm
|
|
|
Histoplasma spread
|
Reticuloendothelial system infection
spreads throughout the lymph system yeast can remain viable for years |
|
|
Blastomycosis characteristics
|
large, thick walled yeasts, with single broad based buds
|
|
|
Blastomycosis locallizes where
|
lungs
|
|
|
Coccidioides Entry
|
Large spherules that resist phagocytoses
|
|
|
Untreated Coccidioides
|
chronic menengitis
|
|
|
Coccidioides Characteristics
|
spherules
desert rheumatism or valley fever grows very fast on most media - very infectious |
|
|
Polyenes
|
ergosterol (nasty side effects)
|
|
|
Azoles
|
ergosterol
|
|
|
Opportunisitic Fungal Pathogens
|
Candida
Cryptococcus neoformans Aspergillus Zygomycetes Pneumocystis |
|
|
Most frequent opportunistic pathogen
|
candida albicans
|
|
|
Candida dimporphism
|
albicans - mycelial (mold) found in tissues
|
|
|
Candisiasis
|
Thrush, Diaper rash..... can spread also
|
|
|
Candidemia
|
in blood - can go anywhere
|
|
|
Candida glabrata
|
always yeast
|
|
|
Candida Parapsilosis
|
common cause of catheter related infections
|
|
|
Candida Albicans
|
mold in host
forms germ tubes |
|
|
Cryptococcus Virulence
|
forms polysaccharide capsule
produces melanin (makes cell wall stronger) |
|
|
Cryptococcus Targets
|
AIDS, transplant patients
*targets CNS |
|
|
Aspergillus
|
Ubiquitious in environment
Not in normal tissue Mold in enviornment AND host |
|
|
Toxic metabolic products
|
Aspergillus
aflatoxins and phospholipase |
|
|
Zygomycoses
|
Broad, non septate hyphea
rhinocerebral form - diabetes dissminated - pulmonary lesions |
|
|
Pneumocystis
|
sentinal infection in AIDS - highly virulent
|
|
|
Superficial Mycoses
|
Seborrheic dermatitis
Tinea versicolor |
|
|
Dermatophyte
|
Most common fungal infections in humans
|
|
|
3 types of dermatophyte
|
micorosporum
trichophyton epidermophyton |
|
|
dermatophyte damage
|
grow in centrifugal pattern
viable at margin systemic infections are rare b/c doesn't like high temp |
|
|
nail infections
|
systemic treatment necessary
|
|
|
allylamines
|
attacks ergosterol
available in topical form |
|
|
echinocandins
|
IV only
Candida and aspergillus CELL WALL |
