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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Abiotic vs biotic |
abiotic - not living biotic - living |
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Define "tree disease" |
anything that disturbs the trees natural functions it uses to live, or something that changes its structure. Either biotic or abiotic |
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4 Abiotic causes of disease |
1. broken top or branch 2. air pollutants 3. frost 4. lightning |
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4 Bitoic causes of disease |
1. viruses/bacteria 2.nematodes 3. fungi 4. higher plants |
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3 differences of abitoic and biotic damage |
abitoic affects entire area/ bitoic affects one species/age abitoic does not spread over time/ bitoic spreads over time abiotic has no signs/ biotic shows signs such as conks or rot |
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4 advantageous fungal associations from ecological or economic prespective |
1. food 2. yeast --> wine, beer, bread 3. medicine 4. decomposition |
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4 major categories of fungi damage |
1. Decay of wood (Basidiomycetes) 2. Root disease (Basidiomycetes or Mastigomycetes) 3. Cankers and diebacks (Basidiomycetes and Ascomycetes) 4. Branch, needle or cone disease (Ascomycetes) |
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6 symptoms describing foliage damage |
1. yellowing of needle 2. gout 3. chewed needle 4. defoliation 5.deformation 6. mold |
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What is a sign? |
can see disease causing organism |
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What is a symptom? |
result of a sign |
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Major difference between ascomycetes and basidiomycetes |
ascomycetes - produced in saclike asci basidiomycetes - produced on basidium |
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3 characteristics of all fungi |
1. lack chlorophyll 2. have a mycelial growth form 3.reproduce by means of spores |
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Saprophytes |
Live off only dead organic material |
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What do fungi require? |
organic material oxygen moisture temperature above freezing |
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Hyphae |
-thin branching filaments of thread-like material -how fungi grow through infected host material -break down cell walls or just the cell contents |
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congregation of hypahe |
thalus of mycelium |
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what does decay break down? |
cell walls |
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what does stain do to the cell? |
consumes cell contents |
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Rhizomorph |
structure capable of transmitting disease from one host to another without hosts having direct contact |
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most common structure responsible for the spread of fungal disease |
Spores |
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Spore vs Seed |
Seeds have a coat and can lay dormant because they have a storage of nutrients. Spores are smaller and very delicate. |
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how many spores produced per day by most fungi on average |
10,000 spores per mm2 of hymenial |
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Hymenial |
spore producing layer |
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pyciniospores and aeciospores Host? Annual or Perennial? |
pines perennial |
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urediniospores, teliospores, and basidiospores Host? Annual or Perennial? |
currant and gooseberry foliage annual |
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Function of uredina spore |
spore to increase infection |
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How many basidio spores? |
Four |
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what do the basidio spores sit on |
basidia |
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How many ascospores are always produced? |
eight |
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How does apothecia spread? |
spread by wind |
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what is Rhabdocline pseudotsugae? |
needle cast |
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Atropellis piniphila |
canker causing fungus |
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Difference between Rhabdocline and Rhytisma? |
Rhabdocline affects conifers Rhytisma affects deciduous |
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charactersitic in life cycle of Elytroderma which distinguishes it from Rhabdocline? |
its systemic (moves through the tree) brooms |
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Elytroderma vs dwarf mistletoe |
Elytroderma needles turn brown dwarf mistletoe needles stay green |
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One sign and three symptoms of Atropellis piniphila |
sign: disk shaped fruiting body symptoms: resin flow, cankers, staining |
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What treatments reduce incidence of Atropellis |
remove host trees over 15 years or age, thinning of dense stands, prescribed burns |
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What affect does opening of the stand have on the cankers of Atropellis |
sun shines on the cankers causing them to no longer produce spores |
