Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
spores |
reproductive cells that are formed either sexually or asexually ("conidia," or "sporangiospores" in zygomycetes) |
|
|
hyphae |
Long, threadlike filaments from which fungi are composed Some have specialized hyphae: Parasitic fungi: haustoria penetrate host cell and absorb nutrients from it Saprophytic fungi: rhizoids may anchor to a substratum |
|
|
mycelium |
visible mass of hyphae |
|
|
yeasts |
single-celled fungi may reproduce by mitosis or budding |
|
|
molds |
filamentous fungi may reproduce by fragmentation |
|
|
mushrooms |
reproductive structures of certain fungi carried by wind, water germinate, grow hyphae |
|
|
Chytridiomycetes (chytrids; chytridiomycota) |
Usually live in water, but some live in the guts of mammalian herbivores where they help with the digestion of plant material Some are parasitic Only type of fungus with motile forms (reproductive cells have flagella) |
|
|
Zygomycetes (zygomycota) |
ex. Rhizopus Often spoil fruits and vegetables Reproductive structures: sporangia (support and house hundreds of sporangiospores (asexual spores)) |
|
|
Ascomycetes (ascomycota; "sac fungi") |
ex. Penicillium ~75% of all known fungi; diverse group Some are sources of antibiotics, others are pathogens Some highly praised for flavor of reproductive structures (morels and truffles) Many form lichens in association with photosynthetic partner Terrestrial |
|
|
Basidiomycetes (basidiomycota; "club fungi") |
Include mushrooms, plant parasites (smut, rust) Terrestrial |
|
|
Fungi role in carbon and nitrogen recylcing in nature |
Carbon fixation: inorganic (CO2) to organic carbon Nitrogen fixation: N2 converted to ammonia Without fungi cycling of organic material, earth would be overrun with waste |
|
|
Fungi cause human disease through 3 routes: |
Allergic reaction Fungus grows in/on body: causes mycosis (disease) Fungus produces toxins |
