Fungi

Front 1

Which lineages of large, multicellular eukaryotes occupy terrestrial environments?

Back 1

land plants, animals, fungi

Front 2

mutualists

-example?

Back 2

Organisms that live in close relationship with a host and that benefits its host.

-in exchange for sugars produced by host plants, fungi provide plant with key nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus.

Front 3

Mycorrhizal

Back 3

Literally "fungal root".
Fungi that live in close assiciation w/plant roots.

Front 4

Saprophytes

Back 4

Literally "rotten plants"
Fungi that make their living by digesting dead plant material.

Front 5

Peat

-importance?

Back 5

partly decayed plant material.
-Peat from Carboniferous period became coal after being buried under other sediments and subjected to heat and pressure

Front 6

Yeast

Back 6

Any fungus growing as a single-celled form.

Front 7

Mycelia

Back 7

A mass of underground filaments that form the body of a fungus.

The form of a multicellular fungi.

Front 8

Hyphae

Back 8

The individual filaments that make up a mycelium

Front 9

Heterokaryotic

Back 9

literally "different kernael"

a cell that contains 2 haploid nuclei-one from each parent

Front 10

Septa

Back 10

Any wall-like structure. In fungi, cross-walls that divide fungul filaments into cell-like compartments.

Front 11

Coenocytic

Back 11

Containing many nuclei and a continuous cytoplasm through a filamentous body, w/o the body being divided into distinct cells. Some fungi are coenocytic.

Front 12

4 groups (+ description) that fungi fall into reproductively

Back 12

1)Chytridiomycota (live in H20, spores have flagella thus motile)
2) Zygomycota (literally “yoked-together fungi”. Hyphae are haploid and come in several mating types. When fuse together (mate) become spore-producing zygosporangium)
3)Basidiomycota (club fungi, mushrooms, puffballs, bracket fungi are reproductive structures of this group, basidia form at end of hyphae and produce spores)
4) Ascomycota (sac fungi, tips of hyphae produce sac-like cells called asci which produce spores)

Front 13

Zygosporangium

Back 13

Spore-producing structure in fungi that are members of the Zygomycota.

Front 14

Basidia

Back 14

literally "little-pedestals"
Specialized spore-producing cells at the ends of hyphae in club fungi

Front 15

Asci

Back 15

Specialized spore-producing cells found at the ends of hyphae in sac fungi.

Front 16

Fungicides

Back 16

molecules that are lethal to fungi

Front 17

Chitin

Back 17

Component of cell walls of fungi and other orgs.

Front 18

Endophytic

Back 18

literally "inside plants"
Fungi that live in the aboveground parts of plants

Front 19

Ectomycorrhizal Fungi (EMF)

Back 19

-Temperate forests
-hyphae extend outward
-hyphae extend between cells
-hyphae form dense sheath around root
-Most are basidiomycetes, a few are ascomycetes

Front 20

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF)
or Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhizae
or Endomycorrhizal Fungi

Back 20

Grow into cells of root tissue. for a pipeline that extends from inside plant cells in the root to soil. are zygomycetes. found in 80% of land plants. dominant in grasslands/tropics.

Front 21

Commensals

Back 21

Species that are dependent on another species but are neither beneficial or harmful

Front 22

Saprophyte

Back 22

Oranism that feeds primarily on dead plant material.

Front 23

Etracellular Digestion

Back 23

Digestion that takes place outside of the organism.

Front 24

Spore in fungi

Back 24

Most fundamental reproductive cell in fungi. The dispersal stage in fungal life cycle, produced during asexual + sexual reproduction.

Front 25

Plasmogamy

Back 25

Fusion of cytoplasm of 2 individuals. Occurs in many fungi.

Front 26

Karyogamy

Back 26

fusion of nuclei

Front 27

Sporangium

Back 27

Spore-producing structure found in some plants and fungi.