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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Histoplasmosis
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mississippi and Ohio river valleys
*bat or bird poo (caves) causes PNA Histo Hides in MACROPHAGE!! |
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Blastomycosis
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east of Mississippi RIver and central america
causes inflammatory lung dz and can disseminate to skin and bone forms granulomatous nodules **Broad Based Budding |
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Coccidioides
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Southwestern US, Cali
San Joaquin valley or desert valley fever pna and meningitis; can disseminate to bone and skin **Spherule filled with endospores (NOT dimorphic, don't see yeast in tissue) |
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Paracocci
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Latin america
**budding yeast with Captain's wheel appearance |
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Tinea versicolor
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malassezia furfur
degradation of lipids produces acids that damage melanocytes and cause hypopigmented and/or hyperpigmented patches hot, humid weather tx: topical miconazole, selenium sulfide **spagehetti and meatball appearance on KOH |
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Dermatophytes
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microsporum, trichophyton, epidermophyton
pruritic, central clearing mold hyphae in KOH not dimorphic Pets are reservoir for Microsporum tx: topical azoles (oral for onychomycosis) |
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Candida albucans
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dimorphic:
yeast with PSEUDOHYPHAE in culture at 20C ***Germ tube formation at 37 satellite lesions in diaper rash endocarditis in IVDU tx: nystatin for superficial amphoB for systemic |
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Aspergillus
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allergic bronchopulm aspergillosis
lung cavity aspergilloma invasive in immunocomp & CGD NOT dimorphic; mold with septate hyphae at ACUTE ANGLES |
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Cryptococcus
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crypto meningitis in AIDS
heavily ENCAPSULATED yeast with NARROW based budding NOT dimorphic soil, pigeon poo culture on Ssabouraud's agar; stains with India ink; mucicarmine staning of BAL or GMS methanamine silver Latex agglutination test detects capsular antigen virulence factor: polysacc capsule Soap bubble lesions in brain |
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Mucor and Rhizopus
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Mold with irregular nonsepatate hyphae branching at wide angles
in DKA, leukemic patients proliferate in vessel walls when there is excess ketone and glucose, penetrate cribiform plate and enter brain RHinocerebral, frontal lobe abscesses HA, facial pain, black necrotic eschar on face; CN involvement |
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PCP
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saucer-shaped yeast; inhaled
Dx: lung bx or BAL stain: methenamine silver stain of lung tx: bactrim, pentamidine, dapsone px when CD4 <200 |
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Sporothrix
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cigar-shaped yeast forms unequal budding
Dimorphic; lives on vegetation Rose gardener's disease local pustule or ulcer with nodules along draining lymphatics (ascending lymphangitis) tx: itraconazole or POTassium iodide (plant a rose in a pot) |
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Only MOLDS
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Mucor/Rhizopus
Aspergillus |
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Only YEAST
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Cryptococcus
Pneumocystis |
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Congenital Toxo
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3 C's:
Chorioretinitis Calcifications (intracranial) Communicating hydroCephalus tx: sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine (TMP for protozoa) |
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T brucei, gambiense, rhodesiense
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African sleeping sickness:
LNs, recurring fever, somnolence, coma Tsetse fly blood smear Tx: Surafmin (blood borne); Melarsoprol (CNS) |
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T cruzi
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Chagas' disease
Reduviid bug blood smear tx: nifurtimox |
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Leishmania donovani
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Visceral leishmaniasis
spiking fevers, HSM, pancytopenia Sandfly Macrophages containing amastigotes (form that lacks flagella) tx: Na stibogluconate |
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Babesia
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fever, hemolytic anemia
Northeast US Ixodes tick (like Lyme) blood smear: no RBC pigment, see Maltese cross tx: quinine, clinda |
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Spread by eating
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Enterobius
Ascaris Trichinella (pork) |
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Penetrate skin
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SANd
Strongyloides Ancylostoma duodenale Necator americanus |
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Dracunculus medinensis
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drinking water
skin inflammation, ulceration tx: niridazole |
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Onchocerca volvulus
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female BLACKFLIES
Black skin, Black sight tx: IVERmectin for RIVER blindness |
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Loa Loa
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deer, horse, or mango fly
swelling in skin; can see crawling in conjunctiva tx: DEC |
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Wuchereria bancrofti
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Elephatiasis
female mosquito blacks lymphatics takes 9mo-1yr after bite to get sxs tx: DEC |
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Toxocara canis
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Food contaminated with eggs
granulomas and visceral larva migrans (can cause blindness if in retina) tx: DEC |
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DEC treats
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Loa Loa
Wuchereria Toxocara |
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Taenia solium
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ingest larvae in pork --> intestinal tapeworms
ingest eggs --> neurocysticercosis --> swiss cheese brain tx: praziquantel bendazoles for neurocysticercosis |
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DIphyllobothrium latum
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raw freshwater fish
B12 def & anemia tx: praziquantel |
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Echinococcus
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eggs in dog poo
cysts in liver anaphylaxis if echinococcal antigens are released from cysts (inject ethanol before removal to kill daughter cysts) tx: bendazoles |
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Clonorchis sinensis
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undercooked fish
inflammation of biliary tract --> pigmented gall stones assoc with cholangiocarcinoma tx: praziquantel |
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Paragonimus westermani
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undercooked crab meat
inflammation and secondary bacterial infxn of lung --> hemoptysis tx: praziquantel |
